熱(re)門關鍵(jian)詞：
來源：行業(ye)動態 閱讀：115386 發布(bu)時(shi)間(jian)：2019-07-05
1.電性能檢測
主(zhu)要有導體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、成品電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗及(ji)絕(jue)緣線(xian)芯間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓試(shi)驗，每項都很重要，導體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接反映(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)輸性能，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行中(zhong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度、壽命、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降、以及(ji)運(yun)行安全，它主(zhu)要考(kao)查(cha)導體(ti)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)截(jie)(jie)面積(ji)(ji)，若導體(ti)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)好或截(jie)(jie)面積(ji)(ji)嚴重不(bu)足，就(jiu)會(hui)造成導體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻嚴重超標(biao)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)鋪(pu)設(she)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)路中(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在(zai)(zai)線(xian)路上(shang)通(tong)過時的(de)(de)損耗，引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導體(ti)本身發熱，引起包覆導體(ti)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣老(lao)化開裂，造成供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、短路，甚(shen)至造成火災，危及(ji)人身、財產的(de)(de)安全。標(biao)準對不(bu)同規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)導體(ti)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)均有嚴格的(de)(de)規定，不(bu)得(de)大于標(biao)準規定的(de)(de)值(zhi)。
絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻、成品(pin)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗，均(jun)考查的(de)(de)是電(dian)纜絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)和護套(tao)層(ceng)的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻是檢測(ce)兩個(ge)導體之間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)阻，它應足夠(gou)大以起到絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護作用。成品(pin)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗及絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗不光要(yao)求電(dian)纜有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力(li)，還要(yao)求絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)均(jun)勻無雜質、厚度足夠(gou)均(jun)勻，表面不能有看不見的(de)(de)沙眼、針孔等，否則就會造成耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗時局部擊穿。
2.機械性能檢測
主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是考查(cha)絕緣和(he)護套(tao)塑料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)的抗張強度(du)、斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)(lv)，包括老(lao)化(hua)(hua)前后(hou)，還有(you)對于成品軟(ruan)電纜進(jin)行(xing)的曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)、彎曲(qu)試驗(yan)、荷重(zhong)斷(duan)芯試驗(yan)、絕緣線芯撕裂試驗(yan)、靜態曲(qu)撓試驗(yan)等。老(lao)化(hua)(hua)前、后(hou)抗張強度(du)、老(lao)化(hua)(hua)前后(hou)斷(duan)裂伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)(lv)是電纜絕緣和(he)護套(tao)材(cai)料(liao)最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)最基本的指標，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求用作電纜絕緣和(he)護套(tao)的材(cai)料(liao)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)足夠(gou)的拉伸(shen)強度(du)不容(rong)易拉斷(duan)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)一定的柔韌性。
老(lao)化是指(zhi)在高(gao)溫條(tiao)件下，絕緣和護(hu)套(tao)材料保(bao)持(chi)其(qi)原有性能(neng)的能(neng)力，老(lao)化不應嚴重影響(xiang)材料的抗張強度和伸長(chang)(chang)率，這些都將(jiang)直接影響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的使用壽命，若(ruo)抗張強度和斷裂伸長(chang)(chang)率不合(he)格，進行電(dian)纜(lan)的施工安裝時(shi)就極(ji)易(yi)出現護(hu)套(tao)或絕緣體(ti)斷裂，或在光、熱(re)環(huan)境下使用的電(dian)纜(lan)其(qi)護(hu)套(tao)和絕緣容易(yi)變脆，斷裂，致使帶電(dian)導體(ti)裸露(lu)，發生觸電(dian)危險。
另外(wai)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由于不是(shi)固定敷設，使(shi)用(yong)中存在反復(fu)拖拉、彎曲(qu)等情況，所以(yi)對于軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)標準又另外(wai)規(gui)定了在其成品電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上加做動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、彎曲(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷重斷(duan)芯試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線(xian)芯撕裂(lie)(lie)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、靜態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等，以(yi)保證這種(zhong)線(xian)纜(lan)在實際使(shi)用(yong)中滿足要(yao)求。如(ru)動態(tai)曲(qu)撓(nao)(nao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)考核(he)軟(ruan)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在受到(dao)外(wai)界的(de)(de)機械拉伸和彎曲(qu)等應力(li)時，軟(ruan)導(dao)體的(de)(de)絞合線(xian)絲是(shi)否斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)而(er)(er)(er)降低電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)傳輸性(xing)能(neng)，或者刺破絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)降低絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng);絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在受到(dao)應力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)是(shi)否變形或開裂(lie)(lie)而(er)(er)(er)影響電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)。
3.絕緣和(he)護套材料(liao)性能試驗(yan)
包括熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重、熱(re)沖擊(ji)、高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)彎曲、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)拉伸、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)沖擊(ji)、阻(zu)燃性(xing)能等(deng)等(deng)。這些都(dou)是考(kao)查絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)護套的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能好壞(huai)，如熱(re)失(shi)(shi)重試(shi)驗(yan)是檢(jian)測(ce)經(jing)過(guo)7天80℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)老(lao)化后(hou)(hou)材料(liao)(liao)降(jiang)解、揮發的(de)(de)(de)(de)程度;熱(re)沖擊(ji)檢(jian)測(ce)在150℃高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h后(hou)(hou)經(jing)特(te)殊卷繞的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)表面是否有開裂;高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)力檢(jian)測(ce)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)在經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)再冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)其(qi)(qi)彈性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持程度;所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)一(yi)般指在-15℃條件下其(qi)(qi)機械性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，都(dou)是檢(jian)測(ce)線纜(lan)材料(liao)(liao)在低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環境下是否變(bian)脆、易開裂或易拉斷(duan)等(deng)。 另外電纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)燃性(xing)能勝能很(hen)重要，考(kao)查該(gai)項性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)為不延(yan)燃試(shi)驗(yan)，即(ji)對按標準安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成品電纜(lan)用專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)火焰(yan)(yan)點燃一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，待其(qi)(qi)火焰(yan)(yan)自(zi)行熄滅后(hou)(hou)檢(jian)查線纜(lan)被燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，當(dang)然被燒掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)越少越好，說明其(qi)(qi)燃燒性(xing)差，阻(zu)燃性(xing)好，越安全。
4.標志檢查
標(biao)(biao)準要(yao)求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜包裝(zhuang)上應(ying)附(fu)有(you)表(biao)示產(chan)品(pin)(pin)型號(hao)、規格、標(biao)(biao)準號(hao)、廠名和產(chan)地的(de)標(biao)(biao)簽或標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，規格包括額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和導體標(biao)(biao)稱截面等(deng)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面應(ying)印有(you)制造廠名、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)型號(hao)和額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)連續標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距要(yao)求≤200mm(絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面)或≤500mm (護套表(biao)面)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)內容(rong)應(ying)齊全、清(qing)晰、耐擦，這個要(yao)求是方便(bian)使(shi)用者了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)型號(hao)規格及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級，以防敷設錯誤。
另外，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯應優先選用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準推薦的顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)，特別要提(ti)的是黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)芯，這(zhe)(zhe)種線(xian)(xian)一般用(yong)(yong)在電(dian)(dian)器產品(pin)的電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)中，這(zhe)(zhe)條(tiao)特殊雙色(se)(se)(se)線(xian)(xian)專用(yong)(yong)于(yu)接地，對于(yu)黃(huang)/綠(lv)搭配標(biao)準也(ye)有(you)以下規定(ding)：即對每一段長巧~的雙色(se)(se)(se)絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯，其(qi)中一種顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)應至少覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯表面的30%，且不大(da)于(yu)70%，而另一種顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)則覆(fu)蓋絕(jue)緣線(xian)(xian)芯的其(qi)余(yu)部(bu)分(fen)，即黃(huang)/綠(lv)雙色(se)(se)(se)應基本均衡搭配。
5.結構尺寸檢測
包括絕緣和護套的(de)厚(hou)度、最(zui)薄厚(hou)度、外(wai)形(xing)尺寸(cun)等(deng)。絕緣和護套的(de)厚(hou)度大(da)小對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)能夠(gou)耐受多大(da)強度的(de)電(dian)壓，以(yi)及(ji)其機(ji)械性能好壞(huai)都有很重要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)，所以(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)同規(gui)格(ge)的(de)電(dian)纜(lan)，標(biao)準(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)厚(hou)度都有嚴(yan)格(ge)規(gui)定，要(yao)求不(bu)得低(di)于(yu)國家標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規(gui)定值。電(dian)纜(lan)絕緣厚(hou)度太(tai)薄會嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)安全，會帶來電(dian)纜(lan)擊穿、導體裸露引起漏電(dian)等(deng)安全隱患，當然也不(bu)是越厚(hou)越好，應不(bu)影響(xiang)安裝(zhuang)，故(gu)標(biao)準(zhun)又設了一個(ge)外(wai)形(xing)尺寸(cun)要(yao)求對(dui)(dui)(dui)此進行限制。
常見的認證標志
1.CCC認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)強制性認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)，是進入國(guo)內(nei)市場的通行證(zheng)(zheng)。
2.CB認(ren)證(zheng)有利于(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)口(kou)用于(yu)(yu)家庭、辦公室(shi)、車間和類(lei)似場(chang)所的(de)直(zhi)接涉及人身(shen)安(an)全(quan)的(de)電工產(chan)(chan)品，這類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)(zai)一部(bu)分國家中(zhong)實(shi)(shi)行強制性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)，即(ji)取得該(gai)國的(de)認(ren)證(zheng)合格(ge)證(zheng)書后，才允許(xu)出(chu)口(kou)到該(gai)國，并在(zai)(zai)該(gai)國市場(chang)上銷售。即(ji)使在(zai)(zai)未實(shi)(shi)行強制性(xing)認(ren)證(zheng)的(de)國家中(zhong)，消費者(zhe)為了自身(shen)的(de)安(an)全(quan)，都愿意(yi)購(gou)買經(jing)過認(ren)證(zheng)而帶(dai)有認(ren)證(zheng)標志的(de)產(chan)(chan)品。
3.CE認證
是(shi)產(chan)品(pin)進入歐(ou)盟(meng)及(ji)歐(ou)洲(zhou)貿(mao)易自由區國(guo)家市(shi)場的通行證。獲得(de)認證并貼有(you)CE標志的產(chan)品(pin)將(jiang)降(jiang)低在(zai)歐(ou)洲(zhou)市(shi)場上銷(xiao)售的風(feng)險：
1）被海關扣留和查處的風險;
2）被市(shi)場監督機構查處的風險;
3）同行(xing)出(chu)于競爭目的的指控風險(xian)。
