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電力電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是用于(yu)傳輸和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)常用于(yu)城(cheng)市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引(yin)出線路(lu)、工礦企(qi)業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海(hai)水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)所占比重正逐(zhu)漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)主干(gan)線路(lu)中用以(yi)(yi)傳輸和分(fen)配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)產品，包括1-500KV以(yi)(yi)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，各種絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的使用至今已有百(bai)年(nian)

主要分(fen)類

分類：按電壓等(deng)級(ji)分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)至今已有百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)(nian)，美國發(fa)(fa)明家T.A.愛迪生在(zai)銅棒上包繞黃麻并將(jiang)其穿(chuan)入(ru)鐵(tie)管內(nei)，然(ran)后填(tian)充瀝青混合(he)物(wu)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)于紐約，開創了地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國人卡倫德發(fa)(fa)明瀝青浸漬紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國人S.Z.費蘭(lan)梯在(zai)倫敦(dun)與(yu)德特(te)福(fu)德之間敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了10千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)油浸紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國建成(cheng)(cheng)20千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得到越來(lai)越廣的(de)應用(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德國敷(fu)(fu)設(she)成(cheng)(cheng)60千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德國人M.霍希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除了絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面的(de)正切應力，成(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)展中的(de)里程碑(bei)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞典在(zai)北(bei)部發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了380千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)超高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了超高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用(yong)。到80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代已制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)1100千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級可分(fen)為中、低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜（35千伏(fu)及以(yi)下）、高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(110千伏(fu)以(yi)上)、超高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千伏(fu)）以(yi)及特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（1000千伏(fu)及以(yi)上）。此(ci)外，還可按電(dian)(dian)流制(zhi)分(fen)為交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)纜和(he)直流電(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕(jue)緣材料分

1、油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜以油浸紙(zhi)作絕(jue)緣(yuan)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷(li)史(shi)最長。它安全可靠，使用(yong)壽(shou)命長，價格低廉。主要缺點是(shi)敷設受(shou)落(luo)差限(xian)制。自從開發(fa)出不(bu)滴流浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)后，解決了落(luo)差限(xian)制問題，使油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜得以繼續廣(guang)泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan) 　絕(jue)(jue)緣層為擠壓(ya)塑(su)料的電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。常用的塑(su)料有聚氯乙(yi)烯、聚乙(yi)烯、交聯(lian)聚乙(yi)烯。塑(su)料電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構(gou)簡單(dan),制(zhi)造(zao)加工方便，重量輕(qing)，敷設安(an)裝方便,不受敷設落差(cha)限(xian)制(zhi)。因(yin)此廣泛應用作中低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，并有取代粘(zhan)性浸漬油紙電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的趨勢(shi)。其最大缺點是存(cun)在樹枝化擊穿(chuan)現象，這限(xian)制(zhi)了它在更(geng)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的使用。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電力(li)電纜　絕(jue)緣(yuan)層為橡(xiang)膠加上(shang)(shang)各(ge)種配合(he)劑(ji)，經過(guo)充分(fen)混煉(lian)后擠包在導電線(xian)芯上(shang)(shang)，經過(guo)加溫硫化而(er)成。它柔軟，富有彈性(xing)，適合(he)于移動頻繁、敷設彎曲半徑小的場合(he)。

常用作絕(jue)緣的膠料(liao)有天然膠-丁苯膠混合(he)物，乙(yi)丙(bing)膠、丁基膠等(deng)。

按電壓等級分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)纜(lan)：適用于(yu)固定敷設在交流(liu)50Hz，額定電(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以(yi)下的輸配電(dian)線路(lu)上作輸送電(dian)能用。

2、中低(di)壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜(lan)，聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜(lan)，交聯聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一般為110KV及以上）：聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)電(dian)纜(lan)和交聯(lian)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜(lan)等。

4、超(chao)高(gao)壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千伏及(ji)以上）。

基本結(jie)構：電力(li)電纜的基本結(jie)構由線芯（導體）、絕緣層、屏蔽(bi)層和保護層四部分組成。

1.線芯(xin)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的導電(dian)(dian)部分(fen)(fen)，用(yong)來輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)能，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的主要部分(fen)(fen)。

2.絕緣層是(shi)將線芯(xin)與大地(di)以及不同相的線芯(xin)間在(zai)電氣上(shang)彼此隔離，保證電能輸送，是(shi)電力電纜結構中(zhong)不可缺(que)少的組成部分(fen)。

3.15KV及(ji)以(yi)上的(de)電(dian)力電(dian)纜一般都(dou)有導(dao)體屏蔽層(ceng)和絕緣屏蔽層(ceng)。

4.保護(hu)層的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)保護(hu)電力電纜免受外(wai)界(jie)雜(za)質(zhi)和水分的(de)侵入(ru)，以(yi)及防止外(wai)力直接(jie)損壞電力電纜。

主要優點：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋設于土壤中或敷設于室內，溝道(dao)，隧道(dao)中，線間(jian)絕緣距離小，不用桿塔，占(zhan)地少，基(ji)本(ben)不占(zhan)地面(mian)上空間(jian)。

2可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)高。受氣候(hou)條件(jian)和周圍(wei)環境影(ying)響小，傳輸性(xing)(xing)能穩定，可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)高。

3具(ju)有向(xiang)超(chao)高壓，大容量發展(zhan)的更為(wei)有利的條(tiao)件(jian)，如(ru)低溫，超(chao)導電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的型號

1.用漢語拼(pin)音第一(yi)個字母(mu)的大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)絕緣種(zhong)類、導體材料、內護(hu)層(ceng)材料和結構特點。如用Z代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)護層構成，有二位數字(zi)(zi)(zi)。無數字(zi)(zi)(zi)代表(biao)無鎧(kai)裝層，無外(wai)(wai)被(bei)層。第(di)一位數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)鎧(kai)裝，第(di)二位數字(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)被(bei)，如粗鋼絲鎧(kai)裝纖維外(wai)(wai)被(bei)表(biao)示(shi)為41。

3.電纜(lan)(lan)型(xing)號按電纜(lan)(lan)結構的排(pai)列一般依次序為(wei)：絕緣材(cai)(cai)料；導體材(cai)(cai)料；內護(hu)層；外護(hu)層。

4.電(dian)纜產品用(yong)型(xing)號(hao)、額定電(dian)壓和(he)規(gui)格(ge)表示。其(qi)方(fang)法是(shi)在型(xing)號(hao)后再加(jia)上說明額定電(dian)壓、芯數和(he)標稱(cheng)截面積(ji)的。

型號詳細說明(ming)

（1）類別：H——市(shi)內通信電(dian)(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)(dian)纜HJ——局用電(dian)(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣：Y——聚乙烯絕(jue)緣YF——泡沫(mo)聚烯烴絕(jue)緣YP——泡沫(mo)/實心皮聚烯烴絕(jue)緣

（3）內護(hu)(hu)層：A——涂塑(su)鋁帶(dai)粘接(jie)屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)S——鋁，鋼雙層金屬帶(dai)屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)      V——聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)(tao)

（4）特征(zheng)：T——石油膏(gao)填(tian)充G——高頻隔離C——自承(cheng)式(shi)

（5）外護層：23——雙(shuang)層防(fang)腐(fu)鋼帶繞包銷(xiao)裝聚(ju)乙烯外被層

33——單層細鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯被層

43——單層(ceng)粗鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯被層(ceng)

53——單(dan)層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯外(wai)被(bei)層

553——雙(shuang)層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；

BVV 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套電線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套電線；

BVR 銅芯聚氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)軟線(xian)；RV 銅芯聚氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)安裝軟線(xian)；

RVB 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣平型連(lian)接線軟(ruan)線；BVS 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣絞(jiao)型軟(ruan)線；

RVV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣聚氯乙烯(xi)護套軟線；BYR 聚乙烯(xi)絕緣軟電(dian)線；

BYVR 聚乙烯絕緣聚氯(lv)乙烯護(hu)套軟線(xian)(xian)；RY 聚乙烯絕緣軟線(xian)(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型(xing)(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)(xing)NH：耐火(huo)(huo)型(xing)(xing)DH：防火(huo)(huo)型(xing)(xing)