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電力電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)用于傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)分(fen)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用于城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)引出線路(lu)、工礦企業(ye)內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江海水下輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所(suo)占比重正(zheng)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)主(zhu)干線路(lu)中用以傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)分(fen)配(pei)大功率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產(chan)品(pin)，包括1-500KV以及以上(shang)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，各種絕緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的(de)使用至今(jin)已(yi)有百年(nian)

主要分(fen)類

分類：按電壓等級(ji)分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)至今(jin)已有百(bai)余年(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)，美(mei)國發明家T.A.愛迪(di)生在(zai)銅棒上包繞黃麻并將其穿入鐵管內，然后(hou)填充瀝青(qing)(qing)混合物(wu)制(zhi)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。他將此(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)敷設(she)于紐約，開創了(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)，英國人(ren)卡(ka)倫(lun)(lun)德發明瀝青(qing)(qing)浸(jin)漬紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)，英國人(ren)S.Z.費(fei)蘭梯在(zai)倫(lun)(lun)敦與(yu)德特福德之間敷設(she)了(le)10千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)，英國建成(cheng)20千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)得(de)到越(yue)來越(yue)廣的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。1911年(nian)，德國敷設(she)成(cheng)60千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。1913年(nian)，德國人(ren)M.霍希(xi)施泰特研制(zhi)成(cheng)分相(xiang)屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),改(gai)善(shan)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除(chu)了(le)絕緣(yuan)表面(mian)的(de)(de)正切(qie)應(ying)力(li)(li)，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)發展(zhan)中的(de)(de)里(li)程(cheng)碑。1952年(nian)，瑞典在(zai)北部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設(she)了(le)380千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)超(chao)(chao)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超(chao)(chao)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。到80年(nian)代(dai)已制(zhi)成(cheng)1100千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、1200千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)特高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電壓等級(ji)可分為(wei)中、低壓電力電纜(lan)(lan)（35千伏及(ji)(ji)以(yi)下）、高壓電纜(lan)(lan)(110千伏以(yi)上(shang))、超(chao)高壓電纜(lan)(lan)（275～800千伏）以(yi)及(ji)(ji)特高壓電纜(lan)(lan)（1000千伏及(ji)(ji)以(yi)上(shang)）。此(ci)外，還可按電流制分為(wei)交流電纜(lan)(lan)和(he)直流電纜(lan)(lan)。

按絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料分

1、油浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣電力電纜以油浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)作絕緣的電力電纜。其應用(yong)歷史最(zui)長(chang)。它安全可靠，使用(yong)壽命(ming)長(chang)，價格低廉。主(zhu)要缺點是敷設受落(luo)差限(xian)制(zhi)。自從開發出不(bu)滴流浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣后，解決了落(luo)差限(xian)制(zhi)問題(ti)，使油浸(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)絕緣電纜得以繼續廣泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料絕緣電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan) 　絕緣層為(wei)擠(ji)壓(ya)塑(su)料的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)。常(chang)用的塑(su)料有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交聯(lian)聚乙烯。塑(su)料電(dian)纜(lan)結構簡單,制造加工方便(bian)，重量輕，敷(fu)設安裝方便(bian),不受敷(fu)設落差限制。因此(ci)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用作中低壓(ya)電(dian)纜(lan)，并(bing)有取代粘性浸漬油紙(zhi)電(dian)纜(lan)的趨勢。其最大缺點(dian)是存在樹枝化擊(ji)穿現象，這限制了(le)它在更高電(dian)壓(ya)的使(shi)用。

3、橡皮(pi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)　絕緣(yuan)層為橡膠加上(shang)各種配合劑，經(jing)過充分混煉后(hou)擠包在(zai)導電(dian)(dian)線芯上(shang)，經(jing)過加溫硫(liu)化而(er)成(cheng)。它柔軟，富有彈性，適合于(yu)移動頻繁、敷設彎曲半徑(jing)小的(de)場合。

常用作絕緣的膠(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等(deng)。

按電壓等級(ji)分

1、低(di)壓電纜：適用(yong)于固定(ding)敷設在交流50Hz，額(e)定(ding)電壓3kv及以下(xia)的輸配電線路上作輸送電能用(yong)。

2、中低(di)壓電(dian)纜：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一般為(wei)110KV及以上）：聚乙烯(xi)電(dian)纜(lan)和(he)交聯(lian)聚乙烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)纜(lan)等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千伏及以上）。

基本結(jie)構(gou)：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)的基本結(jie)構(gou)由線(xian)芯（導體）、絕緣層、屏蔽層和保護層四(si)部分(fen)組成。

1.線芯是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜的導電(dian)部分(fen)，用(yong)來輸送(song)電(dian)能，是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜的主要部分(fen)。

2.絕緣層是將線芯(xin)與大地以及不同(tong)相的線芯(xin)間在(zai)電(dian)氣上彼(bi)此隔離，保證電(dian)能輸送(song)，是電(dian)力電(dian)纜結構中(zhong)不可缺(que)少的組成部(bu)分。

3.15KV及以(yi)上的電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)一般都有導(dao)體(ti)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)和絕緣(yuan)屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)。

4.保護層的(de)作用(yong)是保護電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜免受外(wai)界雜(za)質和(he)水分(fen)的(de)侵入，以及防止外(wai)力(li)直(zhi)接損壞電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜。

主(zhu)要優點(dian)：

1占地少。一(yi)般(ban)埋設(she)于土壤(rang)中(zhong)或敷設(she)于室內，溝道(dao)，隧道(dao)中(zhong)，線間絕緣距離小(xiao)，不用桿塔，占地少，基本不占地面上空間。

2可靠性(xing)高(gao)。受氣候條件和周圍環境影(ying)響小，傳輸性(xing)能(neng)穩定(ding)，可靠性(xing)高(gao)。

3具有向超(chao)高壓，大容量發展的更為有利的條件，如低溫，超(chao)導電力(li)電纜等(deng)。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明(ming)

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的型號(hao)

1.用漢語拼音第一個字(zi)母(mu)的大寫表(biao)(biao)示(shi)絕(jue)緣種類、導(dao)體材料、內護(hu)層材料和結構特點。如用Z代(dai)表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)表(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)表(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)表(biao)(biao)阻(zu)燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)表(biao)(biao)耐火(huo)（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)護層構(gou)成，有二(er)(er)位數(shu)字(zi)(zi)。無數(shu)字(zi)(zi)代表(biao)無鎧(kai)裝層，無外(wai)(wai)被(bei)層。第一位數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)鎧(kai)裝，第二(er)(er)位數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)被(bei)，如粗(cu)鋼(gang)絲(si)鎧(kai)裝纖(xian)維外(wai)(wai)被(bei)表(biao)示(shi)為41。

3.電(dian)纜型號按(an)電(dian)纜結構的排列一般依次序(xu)為：絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料；導(dao)體(ti)材(cai)料；內護層(ceng)；外護層(ceng)。

4.電纜產品用型號、額定(ding)電壓(ya)和(he)規格表(biao)示。其方(fang)法是在(zai)型號后再加上說(shuo)明額定(ding)電壓(ya)、芯數和(he)標稱截面積的。

型號詳細說明(ming)

（1）類別：H——市內通信(xin)電(dian)纜HP——配(pei)線電(dian)纜HJ——局用電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YF——泡沫聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)YP——泡沫/實心皮聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)

（3）內護層：A——涂(tu)塑鋁(lv)帶粘接屏(ping)蔽聚乙烯護套(tao)(tao)S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙(shuang)層金屬帶屏(ping)蔽聚乙烯護套(tao)(tao)      V——聚氯乙烯護套(tao)(tao)

（4）特征：T——石油(you)膏填充G——高(gao)頻(pin)隔離C——自(zi)承(cheng)式

（5）外護層：23——雙(shuang)層防腐鋼帶(dai)繞(rao)包銷(xiao)裝聚乙烯外被層

33——單層細鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

43——單層粗鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

53——單層鋼帶皺紋(wen)縱包鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層

553——雙層鋼(gang)帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外(wai)被層

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣電線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套電(dian)線；

BVR 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣軟線(xian)；RV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣安裝軟線(xian)；

RVB 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣平型連接線(xian)軟(ruan)線(xian)；BVS 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣絞型軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RVV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護套軟(ruan)線；BYR 聚乙烯絕緣軟(ruan)電(dian)線；

BYVR 聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯護套軟(ruan)線(xian)；RY 聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RYV 聚乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯護套(tao)軟(ruan)線

3）WD：無鹵(lu)低煙型ZR: 阻(zu)燃型NH：耐(nai)火型DH：防火型