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電(dian)力電(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是用(yong)于(yu)傳(chuan)輸和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)常用(yong)于(yu)城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)路、工(gong)礦(kuang)企業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)所占比重正逐漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)主干(gan)線(xian)路中用(yong)以(yi)傳(chuan)輸和分(fen)配大(da)功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品，包括(kuo)1-500KV以(yi)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各(ge)種絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的使用至今已有百(bai)年

主要分類

分類：按電(dian)壓等級分

簡介(jie)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的使用(yong)(yong)至(zhi)今已有百余年(nian)歷史(shi)。1879年(nian)，美國發(fa)明家T.A.愛迪生在銅棒上包繞黃麻并將其穿入(ru)鐵管(guan)內(nei)，然(ran)后填(tian)充(chong)瀝(li)青(qing)混(hun)合(he)物制(zhi)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。他(ta)將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)敷(fu)設(she)(she)于紐約，開創了地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次(ci)年(nian)，英國人卡(ka)倫(lun)德(de)(de)發(fa)明瀝(li)青(qing)浸(jin)漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1889年(nian)，英國人S.Z.費(fei)蘭梯(ti)在倫(lun)敦與德(de)(de)特(te)福德(de)(de)之間(jian)敷(fu)設(she)(she)了10千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1908年(nian)，英國建成20千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)得到(dao)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)廣(guang)的應用(yong)(yong)。1911年(nian)，德(de)(de)國敷(fu)設(she)(she)成60千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，開始了高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的發(fa)展。1913年(nian)，德(de)(de)國人M.霍希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)成分(fen)相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),改善了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布(bu),消除了絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表面(mian)的正切應力(li)(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)發(fa)展中的里程碑(bei)。1952年(nian)，瑞(rui)典在北部發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)設(she)(she)了380千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),實現了超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的應用(yong)(yong)。到(dao)80年(nian)代已制(zhi)成1100千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏、1200千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏的特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)電(dian)(dian)壓等級可分(fen)為中、低壓電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜（35千伏及(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)下）、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(110千伏以(yi)(yi)上)、超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千伏）以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜（1000千伏及(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)上）。此(ci)外，還可按(an)電(dian)(dian)流制分(fen)為交流電(dian)(dian)纜和直流電(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕緣材(cai)料分

1、油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜以(yi)油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)作絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。其應用歷史(shi)最長。它安全(quan)可靠，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長，價格低廉(lian)。主(zhu)要(yao)缺點是敷設受落差(cha)限制。自從(cong)開發(fa)出不滴(di)流浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)后，解決了落差(cha)限制問題，使(shi)油(you)浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜得(de)以(yi)繼續(xu)廣泛(fan)應用。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕緣電力(li)電纜(lan) 　絕緣層為擠壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)料(liao)的(de)(de)電力(li)電纜(lan)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交聯(lian)聚乙烯。塑(su)料(liao)電纜(lan)結(jie)構簡(jian)單(dan),制(zhi)造加工方(fang)便(bian)，重量(liang)輕，敷設安裝(zhuang)方(fang)便(bian),不受敷設落差限(xian)制(zhi)。因此廣泛(fan)應用(yong)作中(zhong)低壓(ya)(ya)電纜(lan)，并有取代粘性浸漬油紙電纜(lan)的(de)(de)趨勢。其最大缺點是存在樹枝化擊穿現(xian)象(xiang)，這限(xian)制(zhi)了它(ta)在更高電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)使用(yong)。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕緣電力電纜　絕緣層為橡(xiang)膠加上各種配合劑，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)充(chong)分混煉(lian)后擠(ji)包在導電線芯上，經(jing)(jing)過(guo)加溫硫(liu)化而成(cheng)。它(ta)柔軟，富有(you)彈性(xing)，適(shi)合于(yu)移動(dong)頻繁、敷(fu)設(she)彎曲半徑小(xiao)的場合。

常用作絕緣(yuan)的(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)料有(you)天然膠(jiao)(jiao)-丁苯(ben)膠(jiao)(jiao)混(hun)合物，乙丙膠(jiao)(jiao)、丁基(ji)膠(jiao)(jiao)等。

按電壓等級分

1、低(di)壓電纜(lan)：適用于固定敷設(she)在交流50Hz，額定電壓3kv及以下的輸配(pei)電線路上作輸送電能用。

2、中(zhong)低壓電纜(lan)：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚氯乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電纜(lan)，聚乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電纜(lan)，交聯聚乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電(dian)(dian)纜：（一般(ban)為110KV及以上）：聚乙烯(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)纜和交聯聚乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特(te)高壓電纜：（1000千(qian)伏及以(yi)上）。

基本結構(gou)：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)的基本結構(gou)由(you)線芯（導體）、絕緣層(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)和保護層(ceng)四部分組(zu)成(cheng)。

1.線芯(xin)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的導電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來輸送電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的主要部(bu)分。

2.絕緣層是將線芯與大地以及不同相的(de)線芯間在(zai)電(dian)氣上彼(bi)此(ci)隔離，保證電(dian)能(neng)輸送(song)，是電(dian)力電(dian)纜結(jie)構中(zhong)不可缺(que)少的(de)組成部分。

3.15KV及以上的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)一般都有導體屏蔽層和絕緣屏蔽層。

4.保護(hu)層的(de)作用是(shi)保護(hu)電力(li)電纜免受外(wai)界(jie)雜質和(he)水分的(de)侵入，以及(ji)防止(zhi)外(wai)力(li)直(zhi)接損壞(huai)電力(li)電纜。

主要(yao)優點：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋設于(yu)土壤(rang)中或敷(fu)設于(yu)室(shi)內，溝(gou)道(dao)，隧道(dao)中，線間絕緣距離小，不(bu)用桿塔(ta)，占(zhan)地少，基本不(bu)占(zhan)地面(mian)上空間。

2可靠性(xing)高。受(shou)氣候條件和周圍(wei)環(huan)境影響小，傳輸(shu)性(xing)能穩定，可靠性(xing)高。

3具有(you)向超高壓，大容量(liang)發(fa)展的更(geng)為有(you)利的條件，如低溫，超導電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜等(deng)。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明(ming)

電力電纜的型號

1.用(yong)漢語(yu)拼音第一個(ge)字(zi)母的大寫表(biao)(biao)示絕緣(yuan)種類、導體材料(liao)(liao)、內護層材料(liao)(liao)和結構特點。如用(yong)Z代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)耐(nai)火（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)護層(ceng)構成，有二位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)。無(wu)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)代表無(wu)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無(wu)外(wai)被(bei)層(ceng)。第(di)一位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第(di)二位(wei)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)被(bei)，如粗(cu)鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖(xian)維外(wai)被(bei)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)41。

3.電(dian)纜(lan)型號按電(dian)纜(lan)結(jie)構的(de)排(pai)列一般依次序為(wei)：絕緣材(cai)料；導(dao)體材(cai)料；內護層；外(wai)護層。

4.電(dian)纜(lan)產品用型號、額定電(dian)壓(ya)和規格表示。其(qi)方法是在型號后再(zai)加上說明額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和標稱截(jie)面積的。

型號詳細說明(ming)

（1）類別：H——市內通信電(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)纜HJ——局用電(dian)纜

（2）絕緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)YF——泡(pao)沫聚烯烴絕緣(yuan)YP——泡(pao)沫/實心皮聚烯烴絕緣(yuan)

（3）內護(hu)層(ceng)：A——涂塑鋁(lv)帶粘接屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套S——鋁(lv)，鋼(gang)雙層(ceng)金屬(shu)帶屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套      V——聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套

（4）特征：T——石油膏填充G——高(gao)頻隔離(li)C——自承式

（5）外(wai)護層：23——雙層防腐鋼帶繞包(bao)銷(xiao)裝聚乙烯外(wai)被層

33——單(dan)層細鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙烯被層

43——單層(ceng)粗(cu)鋼(gang)絲鎧(kai)裝聚乙(yi)烯(xi)被層(ceng)

53——單層鋼帶皺紋縱包鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外被(bei)層

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋縱包鎧(kai)裝聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯絕(jue)(jue)緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁(lv)芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯絕(jue)(jue)緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；

BVR 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕緣軟線；RV 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕緣安裝軟線；

RVB 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣平型(xing)連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣絞型(xing)軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕緣聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯護套軟線；BYR 聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕緣軟電線；

BYVR 聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護套(tao)軟線(xian)；RY 聚乙烯絕緣軟線(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護(hu)套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型(xing)ZR: 阻燃(ran)型(xing)NH：耐(nai)火型(xing)DH：防火型(xing)