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電力電纜(lan)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用(yong)于(yu)(yu)城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引(yin)出線(xian)(xian)路、工礦(kuang)企業內部供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過(guo)江海水下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)線(xian)(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所(suo)占比重正逐漸增(zeng)加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)干線(xian)(xian)路中用(yong)以(yi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產品，包(bao)括1-500KV以(yi)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級，各(ge)種絕緣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜(lan)的使用至今已有百年

主(zhu)要分類

分(fen)類：按電壓等級(ji)分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)至今已有百余年歷史。1879年，美國發明家T.A.愛(ai)迪生在銅(tong)棒上包繞黃麻并將(jiang)其穿入鐵(tie)管內(nei)，然后填充瀝青混(hun)合物制(zhi)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)設(she)(she)于紐約，開(kai)(kai)創了(le)(le)地下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年，英國人卡倫(lun)德發明瀝青浸漬(zi)紙(zhi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年，英國人S.Z.費(fei)蘭梯在倫(lun)敦與(yu)德特(te)福(fu)德之間敷(fu)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)10千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)油浸紙(zhi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年，英國建(jian)成20千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)得到越來(lai)越廣(guang)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。1911年，德國敷(fu)設(she)(she)成60千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，開(kai)(kai)始了(le)(le)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發展(zhan)。1913年，德國人M.霍(huo)希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)成分相(xiang)屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),改(gai)善了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除(chu)了(le)(le)絕緣表面的(de)正(zheng)切應(ying)力(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)發展(zhan)中的(de)里程碑。1952年，瑞典在北部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)設(she)(she)了(le)(le)380千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)(le)超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。到80年代已制(zhi)成1100千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、1200千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分為(wei)中、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜（35千伏及(ji)以下）、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(110千伏以上(shang))、超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千伏）以及(ji)特高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（1000千伏及(ji)以上(shang)）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)流制分為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)纜和直流電(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕緣材料分

1、油(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)以油(you)浸紙(zhi)作絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。其應(ying)用歷史最長(chang)。它安全可靠，使用壽命長(chang)，價(jia)格低廉。主要(yao)缺點是敷(fu)設(she)受(shou)落差限制(zhi)。自從開發(fa)出不滴流(liu)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣后(hou)，解決了落差限制(zhi)問題，使油(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)得(de)以繼續廣(guang)泛應(ying)用。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕緣(yuan)電力電纜(lan) 　絕緣(yuan)層為擠壓(ya)塑(su)料(liao)的電力電纜(lan)。常用(yong)(yong)的塑(su)料(liao)有(you)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)、聚乙烯(xi)(xi)、交聯(lian)聚乙烯(xi)(xi)。塑(su)料(liao)電纜(lan)結構簡單,制造加(jia)工方便(bian)，重量輕，敷設(she)安裝方便(bian),不受敷設(she)落(luo)差限(xian)(xian)制。因(yin)此廣泛應用(yong)(yong)作中(zhong)低壓(ya)電纜(lan)，并有(you)取代粘性浸漬(zi)油紙電纜(lan)的趨勢。其最大缺點(dian)是存(cun)在(zai)樹枝化擊穿現象，這限(xian)(xian)制了它(ta)在(zai)更高電壓(ya)的使用(yong)(yong)。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕緣電力電纜　絕緣層(ceng)為橡(xiang)膠加上各種配合(he)劑，經過充分混(hun)煉后擠(ji)包在導(dao)電線芯上，經過加溫(wen)硫化(hua)而(er)成。它柔軟，富有彈性(xing)，適(shi)合(he)于移動頻繁、敷設(she)彎曲半徑(jing)小的場(chang)合(he)。

常用作絕緣的(de)膠料有天然膠-丁苯(ben)膠混合物，乙丙膠、丁基膠等。

按電壓等(deng)級分

1、低壓電纜：適用(yong)于固定敷(fu)設在(zai)交(jiao)流(liu)50Hz，額定電壓3kv及以下的輸配電線路上作輸送電能用(yong)。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一(yi)般指(zhi)35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)，聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)，交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)等。

3、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)：（一般為110KV及(ji)以(yi)上）：聚乙(yi)烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等。

4、超高(gao)壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特(te)高(gao)壓電(dian)纜：（1000千伏及以上(shang)）。

基(ji)本結構(gou)：電力電纜(lan)的基(ji)本結構(gou)由(you)線芯(xin)（導體）、絕緣層、屏蔽層和保(bao)護層四部分組成。

1.線芯是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來(lai)輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的主要部(bu)分。

2.絕(jue)緣層是將線芯與(yu)大地以(yi)及不(bu)同(tong)相(xiang)的線芯間在電氣上彼此隔離，保證電能(neng)輸送，是電力電纜結構中不(bu)可缺少(shao)的組成部分。

3.15KV及以上的電力(li)電纜(lan)一般(ban)都有導體屏蔽層(ceng)和絕緣(yuan)屏蔽層(ceng)。

4.保護層(ceng)的作用(yong)是(shi)保護電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜免受外界雜質(zhi)和水(shui)分的侵(qin)入(ru)，以及(ji)防止外力(li)直接損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜。

主要優(you)點(dian)：

1占地(di)少(shao)。一(yi)般埋設于(yu)土壤中(zhong)或敷設于(yu)室內，溝道(dao)，隧道(dao)中(zhong)，線間(jian)絕緣距離小，不(bu)用桿塔，占地(di)少(shao)，基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)占地(di)面(mian)上(shang)空間(jian)。

2可靠(kao)性高。受氣(qi)候條(tiao)件和(he)周(zhou)圍(wei)環境影響(xiang)小，傳輸性能穩定，可靠(kao)性高。

3具有向(xiang)超(chao)高壓(ya)，大容量(liang)發展的更為有利的條件，如低溫，超(chao)導電(dian)力電(dian)纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號(hao)說明

電力(li)電纜的型號

1.用漢語(yu)拼音第一個(ge)字(zi)母的大寫表(biao)(biao)示絕緣種類、導體材料(liao)、內護層材料(liao)和結構特點。如用Z代表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代表(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代表(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代表(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代表(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字(zi)表示外(wai)(wai)護層構成，有二位數字(zi)。無(wu)數字(zi)代表無(wu)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層，無(wu)外(wai)(wai)被層。第一位數字(zi)表示鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第二位數字(zi)表示外(wai)(wai)被，如粗鋼絲(si)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)(wai)被表示為41。

3.電纜型號按電纜結構的(de)排列一般依次序為：絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)(liao)；導(dao)體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)；內(nei)護層；外護層。

4.電(dian)纜產品用型號、額定電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)規格表(biao)示。其方法是在(zai)型號后再(zai)加上說明額定電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數(shu)和(he)標(biao)稱截(jie)面積的。

型號詳細說(shuo)明

（1）類(lei)別(bie)：H——市內通(tong)信電纜(lan)HP——配線電纜(lan)HJ——局用電纜(lan)

（2）絕(jue)緣(yuan)：Y——聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YF——泡沫聚(ju)烯(xi)(xi)烴(jing)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YP——泡沫/實(shi)心皮聚(ju)烯(xi)(xi)烴(jing)絕(jue)緣(yuan)

（3）內護層：A——涂塑鋁帶(dai)粘接屏蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)護套S——鋁，鋼雙層金屬(shu)帶(dai)屏蔽聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)護套      V——聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)護套

（4）特征：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔離C——自承式

（5）外護層：23——雙層防腐鋼帶繞包銷裝聚(ju)乙烯外被(bei)層

33——單層細鋼絲鎧(kai)裝聚乙烯被層

43——單層粗鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚乙烯被(bei)層

53——單層鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

553——雙(shuang)層鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱包(bao)鎧(kai)裝聚乙(yi)烯外被(bei)層

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣(yuan)電線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣(yuan)電線(xian)；

BVV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)電線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)電線；

BVR 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)；RV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣安裝軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)；

RVB 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕緣平(ping)型(xing)連接線軟(ruan)線；BVS 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕緣絞型(xing)軟(ruan)線；

RVV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護(hu)套軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)；BYR 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣軟(ruan)電線(xian)(xian)；

BYVR 聚乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚氯乙烯護套軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)；RY 聚乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護套軟(ruan)線

3）WD：無鹵低(di)煙型(xing)(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)(xing)NH：耐(nai)火型(xing)(xing)DH：防火型(xing)(xing)