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電力(li)電纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是用于(yu)傳輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用于(yu)城市地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)路、工礦企業內部(bu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海(hai)水下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所占比(bi)重正逐漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的主干線(xian)路中用以(yi)(yi)(yi)傳輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產品，包(bao)括(kuo)1-500KV以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)，各種絕緣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力電(dian)纜的使用至今(jin)已有百(bai)年

主要(yao)分類

分(fen)類(lei)：按(an)電(dian)壓等(deng)級分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使用至今已(yi)有百余年(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)家T.A.愛(ai)迪生(sheng)在銅棒上包繞黃麻并將其穿入鐵管(guan)內，然后填充瀝青(qing)混合(he)物制(zhi)(zhi)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)敷設(she)于紐約，開創(chuang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)地(di)下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)人卡倫德(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)瀝青(qing)浸(jin)漬(zi)紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)人S.Z.費蘭梯(ti)在倫敦與(yu)德(de)特(te)福德(de)之(zhi)間(jian)敷設(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)10千(qian)(qian)伏油浸(jin)紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)建(jian)成20千(qian)(qian)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)得到越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣的(de)應用。1911年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)敷設(she)成60千(qian)(qian)伏高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)(le)(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)人M.霍(huo)希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)(zhi)成分(fen)相屏蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),改善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布,消除了(le)(le)(le)(le)絕緣表面的(de)正切(qie)應力(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)展中的(de)里程碑(bei)。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞典在北部(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)380千(qian)(qian)伏超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用。到80年(nian)(nian)代已(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)成1100千(qian)(qian)伏、1200千(qian)(qian)伏的(de)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分為(wei)中(zhong)、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜（35千(qian)伏及以(yi)(yi)(yi)下）、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(110千(qian)伏以(yi)(yi)(yi)上)、超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千(qian)伏）以(yi)(yi)(yi)及特(te)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜（1000千(qian)伏及以(yi)(yi)(yi)上）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)流制分為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)纜和直流電(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕緣材料分(fen)

1、油浸(jin)紙絕(jue)(jue)緣電力電纜以油浸(jin)紙作絕(jue)(jue)緣的電力電纜。其應(ying)用(yong)歷(li)史(shi)最(zui)長(chang)(chang)。它安(an)全可靠(kao)，使用(yong)壽命長(chang)(chang)，價(jia)格低(di)廉。主要缺(que)點是敷設受落(luo)差限制。自從開(kai)發出(chu)不(bu)滴流(liu)浸(jin)紙絕(jue)(jue)緣后，解決(jue)了落(luo)差限制問題，使油浸(jin)紙絕(jue)(jue)緣電纜得(de)以繼(ji)續(xu)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan) 　絕緣層為擠壓塑(su)料(liao)的(de)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)有聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯、聚(ju)乙(yi)烯、交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙(yi)烯。塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)纜(lan)結構簡單,制(zhi)(zhi)造加工(gong)方便，重量輕，敷(fu)設安裝方便,不受敷(fu)設落差限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)此廣泛應用(yong)(yong)作中(zhong)低壓電(dian)纜(lan)，并有取代粘性浸漬油紙電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)趨勢(shi)。其最(zui)大缺點是(shi)存在樹(shu)枝化擊(ji)穿現象，這限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)了它在更高(gao)電(dian)壓的(de)使用(yong)(yong)。

3、橡皮絕緣電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜　絕緣層(ceng)為橡膠加上各(ge)種配合劑，經過(guo)充分(fen)混(hun)煉(lian)后(hou)擠包在導電(dian)(dian)線芯上，經過(guo)加溫硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈(dan)性(xing)，適合于移動頻(pin)繁(fan)、敷(fu)設彎曲半徑(jing)小的(de)場合。

常用作絕緣(yuan)的膠(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓(ya)等級分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)纜：適用于固定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以下的輸配電(dian)線路上作輸送電(dian)能用。

2、中低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)：（一(yi)般指35KV及以(yi)下）：聚氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，聚乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，交聯聚乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等(deng)。

3、高(gao)壓電纜(lan)(lan)：（一(yi)般(ban)為110KV及以上）：聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)電纜(lan)(lan)和交聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣(yuan)電纜(lan)(lan)等。

4、超高壓(ya)電(dian)纜：（275～800千(qian)伏）。

5、特高壓(ya)電纜：（1000千(qian)伏(fu)及以上）。

基本(ben)結構(gou)：電(dian)力電(dian)纜的基本(ben)結構(gou)由線芯（導體）、絕(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)和(he)保護(hu)層(ceng)四部分組成。

1.線芯是電力電纜的導電部分，用來輸送電能，是電力電纜的主要部分。

2.絕(jue)緣層是(shi)將(jiang)線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)與(yu)大地(di)以(yi)及不同相(xiang)的線(xian)芯(xin)(xin)間在電氣上彼此隔離，保證(zheng)電能(neng)輸送，是(shi)電力電纜結構中不可缺少的組(zu)成部分。

3.15KV及以(yi)上的電力電纜一般(ban)都(dou)有導體(ti)屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)和絕(jue)緣屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)。

4.保護層(ceng)的作(zuo)用是保護電(dian)力電(dian)纜免受外界雜質和水分的侵入(ru)，以及防(fang)止(zhi)外力直接(jie)損(sun)壞電(dian)力電(dian)纜。

主要優(you)點(dian)：

1占地(di)少。一般埋設于(yu)土(tu)壤中或敷(fu)設于(yu)室(shi)內，溝道(dao)，隧(sui)道(dao)中，線間絕緣距離小，不用桿塔，占地(di)少，基本不占地(di)面上(shang)空間。

2可(ke)(ke)靠性高。受(shou)氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件和周圍環境影響小，傳(chuan)輸性能穩(wen)定，可(ke)(ke)靠性高。

3具有向超高壓(ya)，大容(rong)量發(fa)展的更為(wei)有利(li)的條件，如低溫(wen)，超導電力電纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說(shuo)明

電力電纜的型號

1.用漢語拼音(yin)第(di)一個(ge)字(zi)母的大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示絕緣種類(lei)、導(dao)體(ti)材料、內護層材料和結構特點。如用Z代表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代表(biao)(biao)(biao)分(fen)相(xiang)（fen）；ZR代表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)表示外護層(ceng)構成，有(you)二位數(shu)字(zi)。無(wu)數(shu)字(zi)代表無(wu)鎧裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無(wu)外被層(ceng)。第(di)一位數(shu)字(zi)表示鎧裝(zhuang)，第(di)二位數(shu)字(zi)表示外被，如粗鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)纖維外被表示為41。

3.電纜(lan)型(xing)號按電纜(lan)結(jie)構的排列一般依次序為(wei)：絕緣材(cai)料(liao)；導體材(cai)料(liao)；內(nei)護層(ceng)；外護層(ceng)。

4.電纜產(chan)品用型號、額定電壓和規格表示。其方(fang)法是在(zai)型號后(hou)再加上說(shuo)明額定電壓、芯數和標稱截面積的。

型號詳細說明

（1）類別：H——市內通信(xin)電(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)纜HJ——局用電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣：Y——聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣YF——泡沫聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣YP——泡沫/實心(xin)皮聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣

（3）內護層：A——涂塑鋁(lv)帶(dai)粘接屏蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙(shuang)層金屬帶(dai)屏蔽(bi)聚乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)      V——聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護套(tao)(tao)

（4）特(te)征：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔(ge)離(li)C——自承式

（5）外(wai)護層：23——雙層防腐鋼(gang)帶繞包銷裝聚乙烯外(wai)被層

33——單(dan)層(ceng)細鋼絲(si)鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層粗鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯被層

53——單層鋼帶(dai)皺(zhou)紋縱包鎧(kai)裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋縱包鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯外被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)線；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)線；

BVV 銅(tong)芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護套電(dian)線；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟線(xian)；RV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)安裝軟線(xian)；

RVB 銅芯(xin)(xin)聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣平(ping)型連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯(xin)(xin)聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣絞型軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護套軟(ruan)線；BYR 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣軟(ruan)電線；

BYVR 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)絕緣聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)護套軟線；RY 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)絕緣軟線；

RYV 聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙(yi)烯護套軟線

3）WD：無(wu)鹵低煙型(xing)(xing)(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)(xing)(xing)NH：耐火(huo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)DH：防火(huo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)