国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是用(yong)于傳輸和分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用(yong)于城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線路、工礦企(qi)業內(nei)部(bu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江(jiang)海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力線路中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所(suo)占比(bi)重(zhong)正逐漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)主干(gan)線路中(zhong)用(yong)以傳輸和分配大(da)功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產品，包括1-500KV以及以上(shang)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各種(zhong)絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的使用至今(jin)已有百年(nian)

主要分(fen)類

分(fen)類：按電(dian)壓等級分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)至今(jin)已(yi)有百余年(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)發明(ming)家(jia)T.A.愛迪生在銅棒上包繞黃麻并將(jiang)其穿(chuan)入鐵管內，然后(hou)填充瀝(li)青混合物制(zhi)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他(ta)將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)設于(yu)紐(niu)約，開創了(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)卡倫德(de)發明(ming)瀝(li)青浸漬紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)S.Z.費蘭梯在倫敦與德(de)特福(fu)德(de)之間敷(fu)設了(le)10千(qian)伏油浸紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)建成(cheng)20千(qian)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得到(dao)越來(lai)越廣(guang)的(de)應用(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)敷(fu)設成(cheng)60千(qian)伏高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發展(zhan)。1913年(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)M.霍希(xi)施泰特研制(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)相屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分(fen)布,消除(chu)了(le)絕(jue)緣表面的(de)正切應力(li)，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發展(zhan)中的(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞典在北(bei)部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)敷(fu)設了(le)380千(qian)伏超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用(yong)。到(dao)80年(nian)(nian)代已(yi)制(zhi)成(cheng)1100千(qian)伏、1200千(qian)伏的(de)特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分為中、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以下(xia)）、高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千(qian)(qian)伏以上(shang))、超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千(qian)(qian)伏）以及(ji)特高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千(qian)(qian)伏及(ji)以上(shang)）。此外，還可按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流制分為交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和(he)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣材(cai)料分

1、油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電力電纜(lan)(lan)以油浸(jin)紙(zhi)作絕(jue)緣的(de)電力電纜(lan)(lan)。其應用(yong)歷(li)史最長。它安全(quan)可靠，使用(yong)壽命長，價格低廉(lian)。主要(yao)缺(que)點是敷(fu)設受落差限制(zhi)。自從開發出不滴流浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣后，解決(jue)了落差限制(zhi)問題(ti)，使油浸(jin)紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣電纜(lan)(lan)得以繼續廣泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)(su)料絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層為擠壓塑(su)(su)料的電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜。常用的塑(su)(su)料有聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)、聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)、交聯聚乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)。塑(su)(su)料電(dian)(dian)纜結構簡(jian)單,制(zhi)造加工方便(bian)，重量輕，敷(fu)設安裝方便(bian),不受敷(fu)設落(luo)差限(xian)制(zhi)。因(yin)此(ci)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用作中低壓電(dian)(dian)纜，并(bing)有取代(dai)粘性浸(jin)漬油紙電(dian)(dian)纜的趨(qu)勢。其(qi)最大缺點是存在樹(shu)枝化(hua)擊穿現象，這限(xian)制(zhi)了(le)它(ta)在更高電(dian)(dian)壓的使用。

3、橡(xiang)(xiang)皮絕緣電力電纜　絕緣層為橡(xiang)(xiang)膠加上(shang)各種配合(he)劑，經過(guo)(guo)充(chong)分(fen)混(hun)煉后擠包(bao)在(zai)導電線芯上(shang)，經過(guo)(guo)加溫硫化而(er)成。它柔(rou)軟，富(fu)有彈性，適合(he)于移動頻繁、敷設彎曲(qu)半徑小(xiao)的場(chang)合(he)。

常用作(zuo)絕緣的膠(jiao)料有天(tian)然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙(yi)丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等(deng)。

按電(dian)壓等級(ji)分

1、低壓電纜(lan)：適用于固定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電壓3kv及以(yi)下的(de)輸配電線路上作輸送(song)電能用。

2、中低(di)壓電纜：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜，聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜，交聯聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜等。

3、高壓電纜：（一般為(wei)110KV及以上）：聚(ju)乙烯(xi)電纜和交聯聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)電纜等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千(qian)伏及以上）。

基本結構：電力電纜的基本結構由線芯（導體）、絕緣層、屏(ping)蔽層和保護層四部分組(zu)成。

1.線(xian)芯是(shi)(shi)電力(li)電纜(lan)的(de)導電部(bu)分(fen)，用(yong)來輸送(song)電能，是(shi)(shi)電力(li)電纜(lan)的(de)主要部(bu)分(fen)。

2.絕緣層是(shi)將(jiang)線(xian)芯與大地以及(ji)不(bu)同相的(de)線(xian)芯間在電(dian)氣(qi)上(shang)彼此(ci)隔(ge)離，保證電(dian)能輸送，是(shi)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜結構中不(bu)可缺少的(de)組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)。

3.15KV及以上的(de)電力電纜一般(ban)都有導體屏(ping)蔽層和絕(jue)緣(yuan)屏(ping)蔽層。

4.保護層(ceng)的(de)作用是保護電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜免受外(wai)界雜質和水分的(de)侵入(ru)，以及防(fang)止外(wai)力(li)(li)(li)直接(jie)損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜。

主要優點：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋(mai)設(she)于土(tu)壤中(zhong)或(huo)敷設(she)于室(shi)內，溝道(dao)，隧(sui)道(dao)中(zhong)，線(xian)間絕緣距離小，不用(yong)桿(gan)塔，占(zhan)地少，基本不占(zhan)地面(mian)上空間。

2可靠(kao)性(xing)高。受氣候條(tiao)件(jian)和周圍環境影響小，傳輸(shu)性(xing)能穩定(ding)，可靠(kao)性(xing)高。

3具有(you)向超(chao)高壓(ya)，大容(rong)量(liang)發展的(de)更為有(you)利的(de)條件(jian)，如低溫，超(chao)導電力電纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型(xing)號(hao)說明

電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜的型號

1.用漢語拼(pin)音(yin)第一個字母的(de)大寫表(biao)(biao)示絕緣種類、導體(ti)材料、內護層材料和結構特點。如用Z代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鋁(lv)（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)阻燃(ran)（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用(yong)數字表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)護層構成，有二位(wei)數字。無(wu)數字代表(biao)無(wu)鎧裝(zhuang)層，無(wu)外(wai)被(bei)層。第(di)一位(wei)數字表(biao)示(shi)鎧裝(zhuang)，第(di)二位(wei)數字表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)被(bei)，如粗鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)被(bei)表(biao)示(shi)為41。

3.電(dian)纜型號(hao)按電(dian)纜結構的排列一般依次序為(wei)：絕緣材料；導體材料；內護層(ceng)；外護層(ceng)。

4.電纜產(chan)品(pin)用型號、額(e)(e)定電壓和(he)規格表示。其方法是在型號后(hou)再加上說明額(e)(e)定電壓、芯數和(he)標稱截面積的。

型號詳(xiang)細說明

（1）類別：H——市內通(tong)信電纜HP——配線電纜HJ——局用電纜

（2）絕(jue)緣：Y——聚乙烯絕(jue)緣YF——泡沫聚烯烴(jing)絕(jue)緣YP——泡沫/實心皮聚烯烴(jing)絕(jue)緣

（3）內護(hu)(hu)層：A——涂塑(su)鋁帶(dai)粘接屏蔽聚乙烯護(hu)(hu)套S——鋁，鋼雙(shuang)層金屬帶(dai)屏蔽聚乙烯護(hu)(hu)套      V——聚氯乙烯護(hu)(hu)套

（4）特征(zheng)：T——石油(you)膏填(tian)充G——高頻(pin)隔(ge)離C——自承式

（5）外(wai)護(hu)層(ceng)：23——雙層(ceng)防腐鋼(gang)帶繞包銷裝聚乙(yi)烯外(wai)被層(ceng)

33——單層細鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

43——單層(ceng)粗鋼絲(si)鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯(xi)被(bei)層(ceng)

53——單層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

553——雙層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋(wen)縱包鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外(wai)被層(ceng)

2） BV 銅(tong)芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；BLV 鋁(lv)芯聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電線；

BVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯護套(tao)(tao)電線；BLVV 鋁(lv)芯聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)(lv)乙(yi)烯護套(tao)(tao)電線；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣軟線；RV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣安(an)裝軟線；

RVB 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕緣平型連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕緣絞型軟線；

RVV 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護(hu)套(tao)軟線；BYR 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣軟電線；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護套軟線；RY 聚(ju)乙烯絕緣軟線；

RYV 聚乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低(di)煙型(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)NH：耐火型(xing)DH：防火型(xing)