国产精品成人网站/两攻一受3p双龙h调教/玩弄人妻少妇500系列/人妻换人妻仑乱/国产成人一区二区三区别

電力電纜(lan)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是用于傳輸(shu)(shu)和(he)分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常用于城市地下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線路(lu)、工礦企業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及過江海(hai)水下(xia)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)線路(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)所占比(bi)重正(zheng)逐(zhu)漸增加(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)主干(gan)線路(lu)中(zhong)用以(yi)(yi)傳輸(shu)(shu)和(he)分配大(da)功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產(chan)品，包括1-500KV以(yi)(yi)及以(yi)(yi)上各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)，各種絕緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電力電纜的(de)使用至今已有百年

主要(yao)分類

分類：按電壓(ya)等級分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)至今已有(you)百余年(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)發(fa)明家(jia)T.A.愛迪生在(zai)銅棒(bang)上(shang)包繞黃(huang)麻并將其穿(chuan)入鐵管(guan)內(nei)，然(ran)后填充瀝青混合物制成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)敷設(she)于(yu)紐約，開創了(le)(le)地(di)下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)人卡倫德發(fa)明瀝青浸漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)人S.Z.費蘭(lan)梯在(zai)倫敦與德特(te)福德之間敷設(she)了(le)(le)10千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)建成20千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)網(wang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)得(de)到越來越廣的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)，德國(guo)(guo)敷設(she)成60千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，開始了(le)(le)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)，德國(guo)(guo)人M.霍希施泰特(te)研制成分相屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),改善了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)內(nei)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布(bu),消除了(le)(le)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表面(mian)的(de)(de)正切應力(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)發(fa)展中的(de)(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞典(dian)在(zai)北部(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設(she)了(le)(le)380千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan),實現了(le)(le)超高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。到80年(nian)(nian)代已制成1100千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏、1200千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏的(de)(de)特(te)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級可分為(wei)中、低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)(ji)以下）、高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)以上(shang))、超高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)）以及(ji)(ji)特高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)(ji)以上(shang)）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)流制(zhi)分為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和(he)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣材料(liao)分(fen)

1、油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜以油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)作絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)的(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷史(shi)最長。它(ta)安全可靠，使用(yong)壽命長，價格低廉。主要(yao)缺點(dian)是敷(fu)設受落差限制。自從(cong)開(kai)發出(chu)不(bu)滴流浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)后，解決(jue)了(le)落差限制問題(ti)，使油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)纜得以繼續廣泛(fan)應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料(liao)(liao)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層為擠壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜。常用的(de)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)有(you)聚氯乙(yi)烯、聚乙(yi)烯、交(jiao)聯聚乙(yi)烯。塑(su)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)纜結構簡單,制(zhi)造加工方(fang)便，重量(liang)輕(qing)，敷(fu)設安裝(zhuang)方(fang)便,不(bu)受敷(fu)設落差限制(zhi)。因此廣泛(fan)應用作中低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜，并有(you)取(qu)代粘性浸漬油(you)紙電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)。其最大缺點是存在(zai)樹枝化擊穿現象，這限制(zhi)了它在(zai)更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)使用。

3、橡皮絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜　絕緣(yuan)層為(wei)橡膠加上各種配合劑，經過充分混煉后擠包在導電(dian)(dian)線芯上，經過加溫硫化(hua)而成。它柔軟(ruan)，富有(you)彈性，適合于移動頻繁(fan)、敷設彎曲半徑小的場合。

常用作(zuo)絕(jue)緣的(de)膠料有天然膠-丁苯(ben)膠混合物，乙丙膠、丁基膠等。

按電壓(ya)等級分(fen)

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)纜：適用于固定敷設在交流(liu)50Hz，額定電(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以下的輸配電(dian)線路上作(zuo)輸送電(dian)能用。

2、中低壓電(dian)(dian)纜：（一般(ban)指(zhi)35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜，聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)纜等(deng)。

3、高(gao)壓電纜(lan)：（一(yi)般為110KV及(ji)以(yi)上）：聚乙烯(xi)電纜(lan)和交聯聚乙烯(xi)絕緣電纜(lan)等。

4、超高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特(te)高壓電纜：（1000千(qian)伏及以上）。

基(ji)本結構：電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的基(ji)本結構由線(xian)芯（導體）、絕(jue)緣層(ceng)、屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)和(he)保護層(ceng)四部分組成(cheng)。

1.線芯是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)，用來(lai)輸送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)主要部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。

2.絕(jue)緣層是將(jiang)線芯與(yu)大地以及不同相(xiang)的線芯間在電氣上彼此隔離，保(bao)證電能輸送，是電力電纜結構中不可缺少的組成部分。

3.15KV及以上的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜一般都有導體屏蔽(bi)層和絕緣屏蔽(bi)層。

4.保護層的作用是保護電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)免受外(wai)界雜(za)質和水(shui)分的侵入，以(yi)及防止(zhi)外(wai)力直(zhi)接損壞電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

主要優點：

1占(zhan)地少。一般埋設于土壤(rang)中或敷設于室內，溝道(dao)，隧道(dao)中，線間(jian)絕緣(yuan)距離小，不用桿(gan)塔，占(zhan)地少，基本不占(zhan)地面上(shang)空(kong)間(jian)。

2可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高。受氣候條件和周圍環(huan)境影響小，傳輸(shu)性(xing)能(neng)穩定，可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高。

3具有向超高(gao)壓(ya)，大容量發(fa)展的(de)更為有利的(de)條件，如低溫(wen)，超導電力電纜(lan)等(deng)。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)的型號

1.用漢(han)語拼音第一個字母的大寫表(biao)示絕緣種類、導體材料(liao)、內護層材料(liao)和結(jie)構特(te)點。如(ru)用Z代(dai)(dai)表(biao)紙(zhi)（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)表(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)表(biao)鉛(qian)（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)表(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)表(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)表(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字表(biao)(biao)(biao)示外護層(ceng)構成，有二位數字。無數字代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)無鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無外被層(ceng)。第一位數字表(biao)(biao)(biao)示鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第二位數字表(biao)(biao)(biao)示外被，如粗鋼絲(si)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外被表(biao)(biao)(biao)示為41。

3.電(dian)纜型(xing)號按電(dian)纜結(jie)構的排列一般依次(ci)序為：絕緣材料；導體(ti)材料；內護(hu)層(ceng)；外護(hu)層(ceng)。

4.電(dian)纜產品用型號、額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)和規格表示。其方法是在型號后(hou)再加上說(shuo)明額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)、芯數和標稱截(jie)面(mian)積的。

型號詳細說明

（1）類別：H——市(shi)內通信電纜(lan)HP——配線電纜(lan)HJ——局用電纜(lan)

（2）絕(jue)緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YF——泡(pao)沫(mo)聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)YP——泡(pao)沫(mo)/實心皮聚烯(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)

（3）內護(hu)層(ceng)：A——涂(tu)塑鋁(lv)帶粘接(jie)屏蔽(bi)聚乙烯(xi)護(hu)套S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙(shuang)層(ceng)金屬帶屏蔽(bi)聚乙烯(xi)護(hu)套      V——聚氯乙烯(xi)護(hu)套

（4）特征：T——石油(you)膏填充G——高頻(pin)隔離C——自承(cheng)式(shi)

（5）外(wai)護層：23——雙層防腐(fu)鋼帶(dai)繞包銷裝聚(ju)乙烯外(wai)被(bei)層

33——單層(ceng)細(xi)鋼絲鎧(kai)裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層粗鋼(gang)絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

53——單層(ceng)鋼帶皺紋(wen)縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層(ceng)

553——雙(shuang)層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

2） BV 銅(tong)芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電線(xian)；BLV 鋁(lv)芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯(xin)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)電(dian)(dian)線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚氯(lv)(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)電(dian)(dian)線；

BVR 銅(tong)芯(xin)(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣軟線；RV 銅(tong)芯(xin)(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣安裝軟線；

RVB 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣平型連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣絞型軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)聚氯乙烯(xi)護套(tao)軟線(xian)；BYR 聚乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)軟電線(xian)；

BYVR 聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)聚氯乙烯護套軟(ruan)線(xian)；RY 聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RYV 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套軟線(xian)

3）WD：無鹵低煙型ZR: 阻(zu)燃型NH：耐火(huo)型DH：防火(huo)型