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電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)用于(yu)傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)常用于(yu)城(cheng)市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出(chu)線路、工礦企業內部(bu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)過江海水下輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)所占比重正逐漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的主干線路中用以傳(chuan)輸(shu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)配大功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產品(pin)，包括1-500KV以及(ji)以上(shang)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級，各種絕緣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)的使用至今(jin)已有百年

主要分(fen)類

分(fen)類(lei)：按電壓等(deng)級分(fen)

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使用至今已有百余年(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)，美國(guo)發(fa)明家T.A.愛(ai)迪(di)生在銅棒(bang)上包繞黃麻并將(jiang)其(qi)穿入鐵管內(nei)，然后填充瀝青(qing)混合物制(zhi)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將(jiang)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)設(she)于紐(niu)約，開(kai)創了(le)地(di)下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)人卡(ka)倫(lun)德發(fa)明瀝青(qing)浸漬紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)人S.Z.費蘭梯在倫(lun)敦與德特(te)(te)福德之間敷(fu)設(she)了(le)10千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)油浸紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)建成(cheng)20千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)得到(dao)越來越廣(guang)的(de)應用。1911年(nian)，德國(guo)敷(fu)設(she)成(cheng)60千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，開(kai)始了(le)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。1913年(nian)，德國(guo)人M.霍希施泰特(te)(te)研制(zhi)成(cheng)分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),改(gai)善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除了(le)絕(jue)緣表面(mian)的(de)正(zheng)切應力(li)，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)展(zhan)中的(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)，瑞(rui)典在北部發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)敷(fu)設(she)了(le)380千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),實(shi)現(xian)了(le)超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用。到(dao)80年(nian)代已制(zhi)成(cheng)1100千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)特(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級可分(fen)為中(zhong)、低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及以下）、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)以上(shang))、超高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)）以及特高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)及以上(shang)）。此(ci)外，還可按電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)制(zhi)分(fen)為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣材料分

1、油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜以(yi)(yi)油浸紙(zhi)作絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷史最長。它安全可靠，使用(yong)壽命長，價格低廉。主要缺點是敷設受落差限制(zhi)。自(zi)從開發出不(bu)滴(di)流浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)后，解決了(le)落差限制(zhi)問(wen)題(ti)，使油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜得以(yi)(yi)繼續廣泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan) 　絕緣層為擠壓(ya)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)的電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。常用的塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、交聯聚乙烯。塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構簡單,制造加工(gong)方便，重量輕，敷設(she)安裝(zhuang)方便,不受敷設(she)落差限制。因(yin)此廣泛應用作中低壓(ya)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，并有取代粘性浸漬油(you)紙電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的趨(qu)勢。其最大缺(que)點是存在(zai)樹枝化擊(ji)穿現象，這限制了它在(zai)更高電(dian)壓(ya)的使(shi)用。

3、橡皮絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜　絕緣層為橡膠加(jia)(jia)上各(ge)種(zhong)配合劑，經過(guo)充分混煉后擠(ji)包在導電(dian)線芯上，經過(guo)加(jia)(jia)溫硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈性(xing)，適(shi)合于(yu)移動頻繁(fan)、敷(fu)設彎曲半徑小的場合。

常(chang)用(yong)作絕(jue)緣的膠(jiao)料有天然(ran)膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓等級分

1、低壓(ya)電(dian)纜：適用(yong)于(yu)固定敷設在交流50Hz，額定電(dian)壓(ya)3kv及以下(xia)的輸配(pei)電(dian)線路上作(zuo)輸送電(dian)能用(yong)。

2、中低壓電(dian)纜：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜等。

3、高壓電(dian)(dian)纜：（一般為110KV及以上）：聚乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜和交聯聚乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)纜等。

4、超(chao)高壓電纜：（275～800千伏）。

5、特高(gao)壓電(dian)纜：（1000千伏及以上）。

基(ji)本結構(gou)：電力(li)電纜的(de)基(ji)本結構(gou)由(you)線芯（導體）、絕緣層(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)和保護層(ceng)四部分組成。

1.線(xian)芯是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的導電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)能，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的主(zhu)要(yao)部(bu)分。

2.絕緣(yuan)層是(shi)將線芯與大地以(yi)及不同(tong)相的線芯間在(zai)電氣上彼此(ci)隔(ge)離，保(bao)證電能輸送，是(shi)電力電纜結構(gou)中不可缺少的組(zu)成部分。

3.15KV及以(yi)上的電力電纜(lan)一般都(dou)有導體屏(ping)蔽層和絕緣屏(ping)蔽層。

4.保(bao)(bao)護層的作用(yong)是保(bao)(bao)護電力電纜免(mian)受(shou)外界雜(za)質(zhi)和水分的侵入(ru)，以及防(fang)止外力直(zhi)接損(sun)壞電力電纜。

主要優點：

1占地少。一般(ban)埋設于(yu)土(tu)壤中(zhong)或敷設于(yu)室內(nei)，溝(gou)道，隧道中(zhong)，線間絕緣距離小，不(bu)用(yong)桿塔，占地少，基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)占地面上空(kong)間。

2可靠(kao)性高。受(shou)氣(qi)候(hou)條件和周圍(wei)環境影響(xiang)小，傳輸性能(neng)穩定，可靠(kao)性高。

3具有向超高壓，大容量發展的(de)更為有利的(de)條件，如低溫，超導電力(li)電纜等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電力電纜的(de)型號

1.用(yong)(yong)漢語拼音(yin)第一個字(zi)母的大(da)寫表示絕緣(yuan)種類(lei)、導體材(cai)料(liao)、內(nei)護層材(cai)料(liao)和結構特點。如用(yong)(yong)Z代表紙(zhi)（zhi）；L代表鋁（lv）；Q代表鉛(qian)（qian）；F代表分相（fen）；ZR代表阻燃（zuran）；NH代表耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)護層(ceng)構成，有二(er)位數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)。無(wu)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)代表(biao)無(wu)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)，無(wu)外(wai)(wai)被層(ceng)。第(di)一位數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)，第(di)二(er)位數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)表(biao)示(shi)外(wai)(wai)被，如粗鋼絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)纖維外(wai)(wai)被表(biao)示(shi)為41。

3.電纜型(xing)號按電纜結構的(de)排列一般依次(ci)序為(wei)：絕緣材料；導體材料；內護層(ceng)；外護層(ceng)。

4.電(dian)纜(lan)產品(pin)用型號、額定(ding)電(dian)壓和規(gui)格表示。其方法是在型號后再(zai)加(jia)上說明額定(ding)電(dian)壓、芯(xin)數和標稱截面(mian)積的(de)。

型(xing)號詳(xiang)細說(shuo)明

（1）類別：H——市內(nei)通信電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)HP——配線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)HJ——局用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)

（2）絕緣：Y——聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣YF——泡(pao)沫聚烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣YP——泡(pao)沫/實(shi)心皮聚烯(xi)烴(jing)絕緣

（3）內護(hu)層：A——涂塑(su)鋁帶粘接(jie)屏蔽(bi)(bi)聚乙烯(xi)(xi)護(hu)套S——鋁，鋼(gang)雙層金(jin)屬帶屏蔽(bi)(bi)聚乙烯(xi)(xi)護(hu)套      V——聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)護(hu)套

（4）特征(zheng)：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔(ge)離C——自承(cheng)式

（5）外護層：23——雙層防腐鋼(gang)帶(dai)繞包銷裝聚乙烯外被(bei)層

33——單層(ceng)細鋼絲(si)鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層粗鋼(gang)絲(si)鎧裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)被層

53——單層鋼帶皺紋縱包鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯外被(bei)層

553——雙層鋼帶皺紋縱包鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外被層

2） BV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)線；BLV 鋁芯(xin)聚氯乙(yi)(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)線；

BVV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護套電線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯護套電線；

BVR 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣軟線(xian)(xian)；RV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣安裝(zhuang)軟線(xian)(xian)；

RVB 銅(tong)芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)平型連接(jie)線(xian)軟線(xian)；BVS 銅(tong)芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)絞型軟線(xian)；

RVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯絕緣聚氯(lv)乙烯護套軟線；BYR 聚乙烯絕緣軟電線；

BYVR 聚乙(yi)烯絕緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護(hu)套軟線；RY 聚乙(yi)烯絕緣軟線；

RYV 聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕緣聚(ju)(ju)氯乙烯護套軟線(xian)

3）WD：無鹵(lu)低(di)煙型(xing)(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)(xing)NH：耐(nai)火型(xing)(xing)DH：防火型(xing)(xing)