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電力(li)電纜

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是用(yong)于(yu)傳輸和分配電(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)城(cheng)市(shi)地(di)下電(dian)網、發電(dian)站(zhan)引出線路(lu)(lu)、工礦(kuang)企(qi)業內部供電(dian)及過(guo)江海水下輸電(dian)線。在電(dian)力(li)線路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)所占比(bi)重正逐漸增加。電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)力(li)系統的主干(gan)線路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)用(yong)以傳輸和分配大功(gong)率電(dian)能(neng)的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)產品，包括1-500KV以及以上各種電(dian)壓等級，各種絕緣(yuan)的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜的使用至(zhi)今已有(you)百(bai)年

主要(yao)分類

分(fen)類：按電壓等級(ji)分(fen)

簡介(jie)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的使(shi)用(yong)至(zhi)今已(yi)有(you)百余年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。1879年(nian)(nian)，美(mei)國(guo)發(fa)明(ming)家T.A.愛迪生在(zai)銅(tong)棒上包繞黃麻并將其穿(chuan)入鐵管(guan)內，然后填充瀝(li)青混合物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)(fu)設于紐約，開創了(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)卡倫(lun)德(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)瀝(li)青浸漬紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)S.Z.費蘭梯在(zai)倫(lun)敦與德(de)(de)特福德(de)(de)之間敷(fu)(fu)設了(le)10千(qian)伏(fu)油(you)浸紙絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)建成20千(qian)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得(de)到越來越廣的應用(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)國(guo)敷(fu)(fu)設成60千(qian)伏(fu)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的發(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)M.霍(huo)希(xi)施泰特研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)成分相屏蔽(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除(chu)了(le)絕緣表面的正(zheng)切應力(li)(li)(li)(li)，成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)展中的里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)，瑞典(dian)在(zai)北部(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)(fu)設了(le)380千(qian)伏(fu)超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的應用(yong)。到80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)已(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)成1100千(qian)伏(fu)、1200千(qian)伏(fu)的特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級可分為中、低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（35千伏及(ji)以(yi)下）、高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(110千伏以(yi)上(shang))、超(chao)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（275～800千伏）以(yi)及(ji)特高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜（1000千伏及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流制分為交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜和直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。

按絕緣材料(liao)分

1、油(you)浸紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜以(yi)油(you)浸紙作絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷(li)史最長(chang)。它安(an)全(quan)可靠，使用(yong)壽命長(chang)，價格(ge)低(di)廉。主要缺點是敷設受落差限制。自從(cong)開發出不滴流浸紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)后，解決了落差限制問題，使油(you)浸紙絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜得以(yi)繼續廣泛應用(yong)。

2、塑(su)料(liao)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan) 　絕(jue)緣層為擠壓塑(su)料(liao)的電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。常用的塑(su)料(liao)有聚(ju)氯乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)、聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)、交聯聚(ju)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)。塑(su)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構簡(jian)單(dan),制造加工方便，重量輕，敷設安(an)裝方便,不(bu)受敷設落(luo)差限制。因此廣泛應用作中低壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，并有取代粘性浸(jin)漬油紙(zhi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的趨勢。其最大缺點是存在(zai)樹枝化(hua)擊穿現象，這限制了它在(zai)更高電(dian)(dian)壓的使用。

3、橡皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)　絕(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)為橡膠加(jia)上各種配合劑，經過充分混煉后擠包在導電(dian)線(xian)芯(xin)上，經過加(jia)溫(wen)硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈(dan)性，適合于移動頻繁、敷設彎曲半徑(jing)小的(de)場(chang)合。

常(chang)用作(zuo)絕緣的膠(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)混合物，乙丙膠(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)等。

按電壓等(deng)級(ji)分

1、低壓電(dian)(dian)纜：適用于固定敷設在交流(liu)50Hz，額定電(dian)(dian)壓3kv及(ji)以下的輸配電(dian)(dian)線路上作輸送電(dian)(dian)能用。

2、中低壓電纜(lan)：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚(ju)氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)，聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)，交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電纜：（一般為110KV及以上(shang)）：聚(ju)乙烯電纜和交聯聚(ju)乙烯絕緣電纜等。

4、超高(gao)壓(ya)電纜(lan)：（275～800千(qian)伏(fu)）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千伏(fu)及以上）。

基本(ben)結構：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的基本(ben)結構由線芯（導體）、絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)、屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)和保護層(ceng)四部分組成。

1.線芯是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的(de)導電(dian)部(bu)分，用來(lai)輸送(song)電(dian)能，是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的(de)主(zhu)要部(bu)分。

2.絕緣層是將(jiang)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)與大地以及(ji)不同相的(de)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)間(jian)在(zai)電(dian)氣上彼此隔離，保(bao)證電(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)送，是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜結(jie)構中不可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)組成部分。

3.15KV及以上(shang)的電力(li)電纜一般都有導體(ti)屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)和絕緣屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)。

4.保護層的作用是(shi)保護電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)免受外界雜質(zhi)和水分的侵入(ru)，以及防(fang)止外力直接(jie)損壞(huai)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)。

主要優點：

1占(zhan)地少(shao)。一般埋設于(yu)土壤中或敷設于(yu)室內，溝道(dao)，隧道(dao)中，線間(jian)絕緣距離小(xiao)，不(bu)用(yong)桿塔，占(zhan)地少(shao)，基(ji)本不(bu)占(zhan)地面上空間(jian)。

2可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)。受氣候條件和周圍環境影響小，傳輸性(xing)能穩(wen)定，可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)。

3具有(you)向超(chao)高壓，大(da)容(rong)量發展的(de)(de)更為有(you)利的(de)(de)條件，如低溫(wen)，超(chao)導電力(li)電纜(lan)等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型(xing)號說(shuo)明

電力電纜的型號

1.用(yong)漢語(yu)拼音第一個字(zi)母(mu)的大寫(xie)表(biao)(biao)示絕緣(yuan)種類、導(dao)體(ti)材(cai)料、內護層材(cai)料和(he)結(jie)構特點。如用(yong)Z代表(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代表(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代表(biao)(biao)鉛(qian)（qian）；F代表(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代表(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代表(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字表(biao)(biao)示(shi)外(wai)護層構成，有二(er)位數字。無數字代表(biao)(biao)無鎧裝(zhuang)層，無外(wai)被層。第(di)一位數字表(biao)(biao)示(shi)鎧裝(zhuang)，第(di)二(er)位數字表(biao)(biao)示(shi)外(wai)被，如粗鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)纖維(wei)外(wai)被表(biao)(biao)示(shi)為41。

3.電纜(lan)型號(hao)按電纜(lan)結構(gou)的排列一般(ban)依次序(xu)為：絕緣材料；導體(ti)材料；內護層；外護層。

4.電纜(lan)產品(pin)用型號(hao)、額(e)定電壓和規(gui)格(ge)表示(shi)。其方法是在型號(hao)后再加(jia)上說明額(e)定電壓、芯數(shu)和標稱截面積的。

型號詳細(xi)說明(ming)

（1）類(lei)別：H——市內通信(xin)電(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)纜HJ——局用電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YF——泡沫(mo)(mo)聚烯(xi)(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)YP——泡沫(mo)(mo)/實心皮聚烯(xi)(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)

（3）內(nei)護層(ceng)：A——涂塑鋁(lv)帶粘接屏(ping)蔽聚乙(yi)烯護套S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙層(ceng)金屬帶屏(ping)蔽聚乙(yi)烯護套      V——聚氯乙(yi)烯護套

（4）特(te)征(zheng)：T——石油膏填充G——高頻隔離C——自承(cheng)式

（5）外護(hu)層：23——雙層防腐鋼帶繞包(bao)銷裝聚乙烯外被(bei)層

33——單層(ceng)細鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層(ceng)

43——單層(ceng)粗鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯被層(ceng)

53——單(dan)層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱包(bao)鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯外被(bei)層

553——雙層鋼帶皺紋(wen)縱包鎧裝聚乙(yi)烯外被層

2） BV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣電線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣電線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電(dian)線(xian)；BLVV 鋁芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電(dian)線(xian)；

BVR 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)軟線(xian)；RV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣(yuan)安裝軟線(xian)；

RVB 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)平型(xing)連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)絞(jiao)型(xing)軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)聚氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)護(hu)套(tao)軟線；BYR 聚乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)軟電線；

BYVR 聚乙烯(xi)絕緣聚氯乙烯(xi)護(hu)套軟線(xian)(xian)；RY 聚乙烯(xi)絕緣軟線(xian)(xian)；

RYV 聚乙烯(xi)(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)護套軟(ruan)線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型ZR: 阻燃(ran)型NH：耐火型DH：防火型