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電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是用于傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)和分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)常用于城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)(xian)路(lu)、工礦企業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及過(guo)江海(hai)水下輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)所占比(bi)重正逐漸(jian)增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統的(de)主(zhu)干(gan)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中用以(yi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)和分配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)產品，包括(kuo)1-500KV以(yi)及以(yi)上各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級(ji)，各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)絕(jue)緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力電(dian)纜的使用至今(jin)已有百年

主(zhu)要分類

分類：按電壓(ya)等級分

簡介：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)使用(yong)至(zhi)今(jin)已有(you)百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。1879年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)發明(ming)家T.A.愛迪生在(zai)銅(tong)棒上(shang)包繞黃麻并將其穿入鐵管內，然后填充瀝(li)青(qing)混合(he)物制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)敷設(she)(she)于紐約，開(kai)創(chuang)了(le)(le)地下(xia)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人卡(ka)倫(lun)德(de)發明(ming)瀝(li)青(qing)浸漬紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人S.Z.費蘭梯在(zai)倫(lun)敦與德(de)特福德(de)之間敷設(she)(she)了(le)(le)10千(qian)伏油浸紙絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20千(qian)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)得(de)到越(yue)來越(yue)廣的(de)應用(yong)。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)敷設(she)(she)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)60千(qian)伏高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，開(kai)始了(le)(le)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)發展(zhan)。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人M.霍(huo)希施泰特研制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分相(xiang)屏(ping)蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布(bu),消除了(le)(le)絕緣(yuan)表面的(de)正(zheng)切應力(li)(li)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)發展(zhan)中的(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞典在(zai)北部發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設(she)(she)了(le)(le)380千(qian)伏超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)(le)超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)應用(yong)。到80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)已制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1100千(qian)伏、1200千(qian)伏的(de)特高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按(an)電(dian)(dian)壓等級可分為(wei)中、低壓電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（35千(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)以下）、高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(110千(qian)伏(fu)以上(shang))、超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（275～800千(qian)伏(fu)）以及(ji)特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（1000千(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)以上(shang)）。此外(wai)，還可按(an)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)制分為(wei)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和(he)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

按絕緣材料分

1、油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)以(yi)(yi)油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)作絕緣的電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。其應用歷(li)史(shi)最長(chang)(chang)。它安全可靠，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長(chang)(chang)，價(jia)格低廉(lian)。主要缺點是敷設受落差限制(zhi)(zhi)。自從開發(fa)出不滴流(liu)浸紙(zhi)絕緣后，解決(jue)了(le)落差限制(zhi)(zhi)問題，使(shi)油(you)(you)浸紙(zhi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)得以(yi)(yi)繼續廣(guang)泛應用。

2、塑料(liao)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層為(wei)擠壓(ya)塑料(liao)的(de)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜。常用(yong)的(de)塑料(liao)有(you)聚氯乙烯(xi)(xi)、聚乙烯(xi)(xi)、交聯聚乙烯(xi)(xi)。塑料(liao)電(dian)纜結構簡單,制造加工(gong)方便，重(zhong)量輕(qing)，敷(fu)設安裝方便,不受敷(fu)設落(luo)差限制。因(yin)此廣泛應用(yong)作中低壓(ya)電(dian)纜，并有(you)取代粘性浸漬油紙電(dian)纜的(de)趨勢。其最大缺(que)點是存在(zai)樹枝(zhi)化擊穿現象，這限制了它在(zai)更高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)使用(yong)。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜　絕緣層(ceng)為(wei)橡(xiang)膠加(jia)上各種配合劑，經過充分混(hun)煉后擠包在導電(dian)線芯上，經過加(jia)溫(wen)硫化而成(cheng)。它柔軟，富有彈(dan)性，適合于移動頻繁(fan)、敷(fu)設(she)彎(wan)曲半徑小的場(chang)合。

常用作絕緣的膠(jiao)(jiao)料有天然膠(jiao)(jiao)-丁苯膠(jiao)(jiao)混合物，乙(yi)丙(bing)膠(jiao)(jiao)、丁基膠(jiao)(jiao)等。

按電(dian)壓等級分

1、低(di)壓(ya)電纜(lan)：適用于固定(ding)敷設在交流50Hz，額定(ding)電壓(ya)3kv及以下的輸配電線(xian)路(lu)上作輸送(song)電能(neng)用。

2、中(zhong)低壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一般指35KV及以下）：聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)，聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)，交聯聚乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)等。

3、高壓電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)：（一般(ban)為110KV及以上）：聚乙烯(xi)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和交聯(lian)聚乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等。

4、超(chao)高壓電纜：（275～800千(qian)伏(fu)）。

5、特高壓電纜：（1000千(qian)伏(fu)及以上）。

基本(ben)結構：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的基本(ben)結構由線芯（導體(ti)）、絕緣層、屏蔽層和保護層四(si)部分組(zu)成。

1.線芯是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜的導電(dian)部分，用來(lai)輸(shu)送(song)電(dian)能(neng)，是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜的主要部分。

2.絕緣層(ceng)是將線芯(xin)與大地(di)以及不同(tong)相的線芯(xin)間在(zai)電(dian)氣上彼此隔(ge)離，保(bao)證電(dian)能輸(shu)送，是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜結(jie)構中不可缺少的組成部分。

3.15KV及(ji)以上的電力電纜(lan)一般都有導體屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)和(he)絕緣屏(ping)蔽層(ceng)。

4.保護(hu)層(ceng)的作用是(shi)保護(hu)電力(li)電纜(lan)(lan)免受外(wai)界雜質和水分(fen)的侵入，以及防(fang)止外(wai)力(li)直接(jie)損壞電力(li)電纜(lan)(lan)。

主(zhu)要(yao)優點：

1占地(di)少。一般埋設于(yu)(yu)土壤中或敷設于(yu)(yu)室(shi)內，溝道，隧(sui)道中，線間絕(jue)緣距離小(xiao)，不用桿(gan)塔(ta)，占地(di)少，基本(ben)不占地(di)面上空間。

2可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)高。受氣候(hou)條件和周圍環(huan)境影響小，傳輸性(xing)能穩定(ding)，可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)高。

3具(ju)有(you)向(xiang)超高(gao)壓，大容量發展的(de)更(geng)為有(you)利的(de)條件，如低溫，超導電力電纜(lan)等。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說明

電力電纜的型(xing)號(hao)

1.用(yong)漢語拼(pin)音(yin)第(di)一個字母的(de)大寫表(biao)示(shi)絕(jue)緣種類、導體材料、內護層材料和結構特點。如用(yong)Z代(dai)表(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)表(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)表(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)表(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)表(biao)阻燃(ran)（zuran）；NH代(dai)表(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)示外(wai)護層(ceng)構成，有(you)二位數字(zi)。無數字(zi)代表(biao)(biao)無鎧裝層(ceng)，無外(wai)被層(ceng)。第一位數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)示鎧裝，第二位數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)示外(wai)被，如粗鋼絲(si)鎧裝纖維外(wai)被表(biao)(biao)示為41。

3.電(dian)纜(lan)型號按電(dian)纜(lan)結構的排(pai)列一般(ban)依次序為：絕緣材料；導體(ti)材料；內護層；外護層。

4.電(dian)纜產品用型號、額定電(dian)壓和(he)規格表示。其方(fang)法(fa)是在(zai)型號后再加上說明額定電(dian)壓、芯數(shu)和(he)標稱截面(mian)積的。

型號詳細說(shuo)明(ming)

（1）類別：H——市內通信電(dian)纜HP——配線電(dian)纜HJ——局(ju)用電(dian)纜

（2）絕(jue)緣：Y——聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣YF——泡沫聚(ju)烯烴(jing)絕(jue)緣YP——泡沫/實心皮(pi)聚(ju)烯烴(jing)絕(jue)緣

（3）內(nei)護層：A——涂塑(su)鋁(lv)帶粘接屏(ping)蔽聚乙烯(xi)護套(tao)S——鋁(lv)，鋼雙層金屬帶屏(ping)蔽聚乙烯(xi)護套(tao)      V——聚氯乙烯(xi)護套(tao)

（4）特征：T——石(shi)油膏填充(chong)G——高頻隔(ge)離C——自承式

（5）外(wai)護(hu)層：23——雙層防(fang)腐鋼帶繞(rao)包銷裝聚(ju)乙烯外(wai)被層

33——單層細(xi)鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

43——單層粗鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)聚乙烯被(bei)層

53——單層鋼帶(dai)皺紋縱(zong)包鎧裝聚乙烯外被層

553——雙層鋼(gang)帶(dai)皺紋縱包(bao)鎧裝聚乙烯(xi)外被層

2） BV 銅芯聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)線(xian)；BLV 鋁芯聚氯乙(yi)烯(xi)絕緣電(dian)線(xian)；

BVV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯護套電(dian)線(xian)(xian)；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚氯乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯護套電(dian)線(xian)(xian)；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣軟線；RV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣安裝軟線；

RVB 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)(jue)緣平型連接線軟線；BVS 銅(tong)芯聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)(jue)緣絞型軟線；

RVV 銅芯聚(ju)氯乙烯絕緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護(hu)套軟(ruan)線(xian)；BYR 聚(ju)乙烯絕緣軟(ruan)電(dian)線(xian)；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護套軟(ruan)線(xian)；RY 聚(ju)乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線(xian)；

RYV 聚乙烯絕(jue)緣聚氯乙烯護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵(lu)低煙型(xing)ZR: 阻(zu)燃型(xing)NH：耐火(huo)型(xing)DH：防火(huo)型(xing)