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電(dian)力電(dian)纜

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)用于傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)和分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜常用于城市(shi)地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線路(lu)、工(gong)礦企業(ye)內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)及過(guo)江海水(shui)下輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線路(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜所(suo)占比重正逐(zhu)漸增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統的(de)主干線路(lu)中(zhong)用以(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)和分配(pei)大功率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜產品，包括1-500KV以(yi)(yi)及以(yi)(yi)上各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各種絕緣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。

中文名

電力電纜

基本簡介

電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的使用(yong)至今已(yi)有百年

主要分類

分(fen)類(lei)：按(an)電壓等(deng)級分(fen)

簡介(jie)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的使(shi)用至今(jin)已(yi)(yi)有百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。1879年(nian)(nian)(nian)，美國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)家(jia)T.A.愛(ai)迪生在銅棒上(shang)包繞黃麻(ma)并將其穿(chuan)入(ru)鐵管內，然后填(tian)充瀝青混合物制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)于紐約，開創(chuang)了(le)地下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)人卡倫德(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明(ming)瀝青浸漬(zi)紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)人S.Z.費(fei)蘭梯在倫敦與(yu)德(de)(de)特(te)福德(de)(de)之間敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了(le)10千伏油浸紙絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)(guo)建成(cheng)(cheng)20千伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)得到(dao)越來越廣的應用。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)敷(fu)(fu)設(she)成(cheng)(cheng)60千伏高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)人M.霍希施泰特(te)研制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)內部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布(bu),消(xiao)除了(le)絕(jue)緣表(biao)面的正(zheng)切應力(li)，成(cheng)(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展中的里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞(rui)典在北部(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷(fu)(fu)設(she)了(le)380千伏超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的應用。到(dao)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)已(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)1100千伏、1200千伏的特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。

分類：按電壓等級分

按電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級可分(fen)為(wei)中(zhong)、低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（35千伏及(ji)以(yi)下）、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(110千伏以(yi)上)、超高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（275～800千伏）以(yi)及(ji)特高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（1000千伏及(ji)以(yi)上）。此外，還可按電(dian)(dian)(dian)流制(zhi)分(fen)為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

按絕緣材料分

1、油浸紙絕緣電(dian)力電(dian)纜以油浸紙作絕緣的電(dian)力電(dian)纜。其應用(yong)歷史最長。它安全可(ke)靠，使用(yong)壽命長，價(jia)格低(di)廉。主要缺(que)點是敷設受落差限制。自從開發(fa)出不滴(di)流浸紙絕緣后，解決了落差限制問(wen)題，使油浸紙絕緣電(dian)纜得以繼續廣泛(fan)應用(yong)。

2、塑料絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜 　絕緣(yuan)層為擠壓塑料的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。常用的塑料有(you)(you)聚氯(lv)乙烯、聚乙烯、交聯聚乙烯。塑料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結(jie)構簡單,制(zhi)造加工(gong)方便，重量輕，敷設(she)安裝方便,不受敷設(she)落(luo)差限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)。因此廣泛應用作中(zhong)低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，并有(you)(you)取(qu)代粘性浸(jin)漬油紙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的趨(qu)勢。其最大缺點是存在樹枝化擊穿現象，這限(xian)(xian)制(zhi)了它在更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的使用。

3、橡(xiang)皮絕緣電力電纜　絕緣層為橡(xiang)膠加上(shang)各種(zhong)配合劑(ji)，經(jing)過充分混煉后擠包在導電線芯上(shang)，經(jing)過加溫硫化而成。它柔軟，富有彈性，適合于(yu)移動頻(pin)繁、敷(fu)設彎(wan)曲(qu)半徑小的(de)場合。

常(chang)用作絕(jue)緣的膠料有(you)天然膠-丁(ding)苯膠混合物(wu)，乙丙(bing)膠、丁(ding)基(ji)膠等。

按電壓等級分

1、低(di)壓電纜(lan)：適用(yong)于固定(ding)敷設在交流50Hz，額定(ding)電壓3kv及以下的輸(shu)配電線路上作輸(shu)送電能用(yong)。

2、中低壓(ya)電(dian)纜：（一般(ban)指35KV及以下(xia)）：聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜，交聯聚(ju)(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣電(dian)纜等(deng)。

3、高壓電(dian)纜(lan)：（一(yi)般為110KV及以上）：聚(ju)乙烯電(dian)纜(lan)和交(jiao)聯聚(ju)乙烯絕緣(yuan)電(dian)纜(lan)等(deng)。

4、超高壓(ya)電纜：（275～800千伏(fu)）。

5、特(te)高壓電纜(lan)：（1000千伏及以上(shang)）。

基本(ben)結構：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜的基本(ben)結構由線芯（導體）、絕緣(yuan)層、屏蔽層和保護(hu)層四(si)部分組(zu)成。

1.線芯是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)導(dao)電(dian)部(bu)分(fen)，用來(lai)輸送電(dian)能，是電(dian)力(li)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)主要部(bu)分(fen)。

2.絕緣層(ceng)是(shi)將線芯與(yu)大(da)地以及(ji)不同相的線芯間在電(dian)氣上彼此隔(ge)離，保(bao)證電(dian)能輸(shu)送(song)，是(shi)電(dian)力電(dian)纜(lan)結構中不可缺少(shao)的組成(cheng)部分。

3.15KV及以上的電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜一般都有導體屏蔽層(ceng)和絕緣屏蔽層(ceng)。

4.保(bao)護層的作用(yong)是保(bao)護電力電纜免受外界雜質和水分的侵(qin)入，以及防(fang)止(zhi)外力直接損壞電力電纜。

主要優點：

1占地(di)少(shao)。一(yi)般埋設(she)于土壤中(zhong)或敷設(she)于室內，溝道(dao)(dao)，隧道(dao)(dao)中(zhong)，線間絕緣(yuan)距(ju)離(li)小，不(bu)用桿塔(ta)，占地(di)少(shao)，基本不(bu)占地(di)面上空間。

2可靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)。受氣候條件和周圍(wei)環(huan)境影響小，傳輸性(xing)能穩定(ding)，可靠(kao)性(xing)高(gao)。

3具(ju)有向超高壓，大(da)容量發展的更為有利的條件，如低(di)溫，超導(dao)電力電纜等(deng)。

4分布電容較大。

5維護工作量少。

6電擊可能性小。

型號說(shuo)明

電力(li)電纜(lan)的型號

1.用漢語(yu)拼音第一(yi)個字母的大寫表(biao)(biao)(biao)示絕緣種類、導體材料、內護層材料和結構特點(dian)。如用Z代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)紙（zhi）；L代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鋁（lv）；Q代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)鉛（qian）；F代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)分相（fen）；ZR代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)阻燃（zuran）；NH代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)耐火（naihuo）。

2.用數(shu)(shu)(shu)字表示外(wai)護層(ceng)(ceng)構(gou)成，有二位(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字。無(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字代表無(wu)鎧(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)，無(wu)外(wai)被層(ceng)(ceng)。第一位(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字表示鎧(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，第二位(wei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字表示外(wai)被，如粗鋼絲(si)鎧(kai)(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)纖(xian)維外(wai)被表示為41。

3.電纜型號按電纜結構的(de)排列(lie)一般依次序(xu)為：絕緣材料；導體材料；內護(hu)層；外護(hu)層。

4.電(dian)纜產品用型(xing)號、額定電(dian)壓和(he)規(gui)格表示。其方(fang)法(fa)是在型(xing)號后再加上(shang)說明額定電(dian)壓、芯數和(he)標稱截面(mian)積(ji)的。

型號詳細說明

（1）類別(bie)：H——市內通信電纜(lan)HP——配線電纜(lan)HJ——局用電纜(lan)

（2）絕(jue)緣(yuan)：Y——聚乙烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)YF——泡沫聚烯(xi)(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)YP——泡沫/實心皮(pi)聚烯(xi)(xi)烴絕(jue)緣(yuan)

（3）內(nei)護層：A——涂塑鋁帶粘接屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護套S——鋁，鋼雙層金屬帶屏(ping)蔽(bi)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)護套      V——聚(ju)氯乙烯(xi)護套

（4）特(te)征：T——石油膏填(tian)充G——高頻隔離C——自承式

（5）外護層(ceng)：23——雙層(ceng)防腐鋼帶(dai)繞(rao)包銷裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙烯外被層(ceng)

33——單(dan)層細鋼絲鎧裝(zhuang)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)被層

43——單層粗(cu)鋼絲鎧裝聚乙烯被層

53——單層(ceng)(ceng)鋼(gang)帶皺紋縱(zong)包鎧裝聚乙烯(xi)外(wai)被層(ceng)(ceng)

553——雙(shuang)層鋼(gang)帶(dai)皺紋縱(zong)包鎧裝聚(ju)乙烯(xi)外被層

2） BV 銅芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)線；BLV 鋁(lv)芯聚(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)絕(jue)緣電(dian)線；

BVV 銅(tong)芯(xin)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電線；BLVV 鋁芯(xin)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)護套電線；

BVR 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)軟線；RV 銅芯(xin)聚氯乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)安裝(zhuang)軟線；

RVB 銅芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)平型連接線軟線；BVS 銅芯聚氯乙(yi)烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)絞型軟線；

RVV 銅芯(xin)聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯絕緣聚(ju)(ju)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯護(hu)套軟(ruan)線(xian)；BYR 聚(ju)(ju)乙(yi)烯絕緣軟(ruan)電線(xian)；

BYVR 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯(xi)護套(tao)軟(ruan)線；RY 聚(ju)乙烯(xi)絕緣(yuan)軟(ruan)線；

RYV 聚(ju)乙烯絕(jue)緣聚(ju)氯乙烯護套軟線

3）WD：無鹵低煙型(xing)ZR: 阻燃型(xing)NH：耐火(huo)型(xing)DH：防火(huo)型(xing)